Feasibility of contextual behavioral speech analyses of US presidents: Inaugural addresses of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, 1993–2017

Belisle, Jordan; Paliliunas, Dana; Dixon, Mark R.; Tarbox, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.002

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Such families include (among others) "coordinative," establishing similarities between stimuli, "distinctive," implying fundamental differences between stimuli, and "hierarchical," implying a relation in terms of differing order or rank (Belisle, Paliliunas, Dixon, & Tarbox, 2018). These families can be used to analyze networks of relational frames in discourse.…”

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These families can be used to analyze networks of relational frames in discourse. Belisle et al (2018) conducted a text analysis (using a computer algorithm) of several speeches made by four recent U.S. presidents under Relational Frame Theory. These speeches, representing prominent examples of political discourse, were found to differ in their use of relational frames.…”

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, speeches by Donald Trump were found to contain more distinctive frames than other presidents, while Barack Obama utilized more coordinative frames than his counterparts. According to Belisle et al (2018), these observations imply President Obama, who employed more coordinative frames, utilized language emphasizing unity and similarity between people. Donald Trump, on the other hand emphasized differences and divisions between people through his use of distinctive frames (Belisle et al, 2018).…”

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Belisle et al (2018), these observations imply President Obama, who employed more coordinative frames, utilized language emphasizing unity and similarity between people. Donald Trump, on the other hand emphasized differences and divisions between people through his use of distinctive frames (Belisle et al, 2018). At first glance, the differences appear to fall along party lines, though other factors may be involved as well.…”

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there would likely be greater overlap between the speeches analyzed in Belisle et al (2018)'s work and political news, as the media often quotes speeches by the president. Furthermore, the types or "families" of relational frames could be used as the individual constructs much like the moral foundations in the present research.…”

Section: Moral News 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Moral Foundations of U.S. Political News Organizations

Padfield¹,

Buchanan²

2020

Preprint

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The media ecosystem has grown, and political opinions have diverged such that there are competing conceptions of objective truth. Commentators often point to political biases in news coverage as a catalyst for this political divide. The Moral Foundations Dictionary (MFD) facilitates identification of ideological leanings in text through frequency of the occurrence of certain words. Through web scraping, the researchers extracted articles from popular news sources' websites, calculated MFD word frequencies, and identified words' respective valences. This process attempts to uncover news outlets' positive or negative endorsements of certain moral dimensions concomitant with a particular ideology. In Experiment 1, the researchers gathered political articles from four sources. We were unable to reveal significant differences in moral or political endorsements, but we solidified the method to be employed in further research. In Experiment 2, the researchers expanded their number of sources to 10 and analyzed articles that pertain to two specific topics: the 2018 confirmation hearings of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh and the partial U.S. Government Shutdown of 2018-2019. Once again, no significant differences in moral or political endorsements were found.

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Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Instruments Could Be Developed Through the Linguistic Inquiry And Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moral News 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Moral Foundations of U.S. Political News Organizations

Padfield¹,

Buchanan²

2020

Preprint

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Patterns of Relational Framing in Executive Function: An Investigation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2021

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Executive function (EF) is a concept widely used to describe higher order cognitive functioning. However, the concept seems to lack a precise definition upon which even experts in the area can agree. Examples of existing definitions describe EF as capacities for independent self-serving behavior and aspects of working memory, planning and organizational skills. It has been argued that the definition of EF is too imprecise, in terms of informing effective interventions. To possibly understand the range of behaviors termed EF in a more workable way, we administered a well-known computerized test (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WCST) of EF to a sample of normal functioning participants (n = 11). During administration, they were asked questions about their ways of thinking. Transcriptions of questions and answers were analyzed in search of common patterns, using a behavioral theory of language and cognition (relational frame theory; RFT). The analysis suggested that a specific relationship between deictic and temporal framing, on the one hand, and coordination and spatial framing, on the other, was in effect when participants performed well on the WCST. At critical time points during the test (i.e., when need for EF was arguably most acute), deictic and temporal framing dominated participants’ behavior, whereas coordination and spatial framing were used relatively less.

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“In” or “Out”? An Analysis of the Use of Augmentals in U.S. Presidential Speeches on the Paris Climate Agreement

et al. 2021

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Augmentals, as a type of verbal rule, have been used in political speeches either for establishing beneficial cultural values for the populace (Leigland, 2005) or for publicizing political points of view to exert control on public opinion through propaganda (Rakos, 1993). The current study conducted a functional content analysis on two presidential speeches about climate change and global warming regarding whether the United States should enter or exit the Paris Climate Agreement. The purposes of the study were to (a) examine the effects of two types of augmentals (reinforcer-establishing augmentals and punisher-establishing augmentals) on behavior change in the populace, (b) explore the effects of the types of relational frames that formed augmentals, and (c) provide guidance to the public on discriminating propaganda in media sources. The results showed different patterns in the use of augmentals in Donald Trump's speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support exiting the agreement, compared to Barack Obama's speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support entering the agreement. Several implications of the study are discussed.Keywords augmental . propaganda . relational frame . climate change . political speech . Paris Climate AgreementPolitical speech, as a persuasive and longstanding political genre, has received profound academic attention that has resulted in the development of various analytic methodologies in linguistic, rhetorical, semiotic, and psychological areas (Charteris-Black, 2014). However, these methodologies have primarily focused on the mechanical structure of each statement, rather than the function that the statement may have on listeners' behavior. In accordance with political science literature and from the point of view of functional contextualism, political speeches function to influence the behavior Behavior and Social Issues

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Feasibility of contextual behavioral speech analyses of US presidents: Inaugural addresses of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, 1993–2017

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Moral Foundations of U.S. Political News Organizations

Moral Foundations of U.S. Political News Organizations

Patterns of Relational Framing in Executive Function: An Investigation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

“In” or “Out”? An Analysis of the Use of Augmentals in U.S. Presidential Speeches on the Paris Climate Agreement

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