Feasibility of C-arm guided closed intramedullary pinning for the stabilization of canine long bone fractures

Abstract

Aim:To evaluate the feasibility of C-arm guided closed intramedullary pinning (simple Steinmann and end threaded) techniques for the stabilization of various canine long bone fractures.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted on 19 dogs with long bone fractures which were stabilized using simple Steinmann (Group I; n=6) and end threaded (Group II; n=13) pinning under C-arm guidance. Signalment, history of trauma, clinical examination, and hematobiochemical findings were recorded at the time of presentation. Radiography of the affected limb was carried out in two views to determine type and site of the fracture. Treatment of all the fractures was attempted using simple Steinman and end threaded pinning under the C-arm guidance. The success and failure of the closed technique were correlated with age, site, and type of fractures.Results:The mean body weight and age of the dogs were 18.53±2.18 kg and 21.58±5.85 months, respectively. Early presented cases at a mean day of 2.84±0.54 were included. Out of 19 cases, it was possible to place implant successfully in 10 cases (success rate 52.63%) only. The remaining 9 cases had serious intraoperative complications like a misdirection of the pin after engaging the proximal fragment (n=3), missing the proximal fragment completely, and formation of the false tract (n=6). The majority of these complications were associated with younger age and proximal or distal third oblique fractures. High success rate of C-arm guided closed pinning was observed in midshaft fractures (75%) and transverse fractures (77.78%) in dogs of more than 1 year of age (77.78%). Simple Steinmann pinning was better feasible in a closed manner with a high success rate (66.70%) but also had implant related complications. Although, C-arm guided end threaded pinning was less (46.15%) successful, slightly tedious and time-consuming but had better implant stability than that of simple intramedullary pinning.Conclusions:From the present study, it was concluded that C-arm guided closed pinning is recommended in transverse and midshaft fractures of the long bones in dogs older than 1 year of age. Furthermore, there is need to improve traction devices for enhancing the success of C-arm guided intramedullary pinning in dogs.

Comparative functional outcome of supracondylar femoral fracture stabilized with cross and end threaded intramedullary pinning in dogs

“…The higher incidence of male animals may be due to their aggressive nature which make them more prone to falls and accidents. Similar findings were also reported by various authors (Aithal et al 1999, Sandhu 2000, Mahajan et al 2010, Kaur et al 2015, Singh et al 2015.…”

“…Threaded pins provide a comparably higher holding strength than non-threaded tipped intramedullary pin (Ogurtan 2006) and associated with fewer implant related complication for the repair of diaphyseal fractures (Kaur et al 2015). End threaded IM pins were also recommended for the management of distal third and supracondylar fractures of long bones in dogs (Kaur et al 2016).…”

Outcome of Open Long Bone Fractures in Dogs Stabilized with Linear External Skeletal Fixator

“…Under general anaesthesia using standard protocol, the dogs were positioned in dorsal or lateral recumbency with the fractured limb tied at a higher point so as to achieve fracture reduction with its own weight (Kaur et al, 2015) with 'hanging limb method'. Surgical area was scrubbed with Chlorhexidine solution followed by 5% povidone iodine and the limb was draped for aseptic surgery.…”

Evaluation of End-threaded Positive and Negative Profile Intramedullary Pins for Management of Long Bone Fractures in Dogs

“…Threaded pins (also called Schanz Screws) provided a comparatively better holding strength than non-threaded tipped intramedullary pins (Ogurtan, 2006) and had been used for the repair of diaphyseal fractures (Kaur et al, 2015) and management of distal third and supracondylar fractures of long bones in dogs (Kaur et al, 2016), with fewer implant related complications. The end threaded pin can resist bending, compression and rotational forces, better than smooth intramedullary pins and their use had been suggested in veterinary orthopaedics (De Camp et al, 2016).…”