Feasibility of 3DP cob walls under compression loads in low-rise construction

Gomaa, Mohamed; Vaculik, J.; Soebarto, Veronica; Griffith, Michael; Jabi, Wassim

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124079

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The mix of 3D printed concrete needs to be optimized to reduce the environmental impact. Besides, some sustainable materials such as recycled materials [27,85,86] and other materials [87][88][89][90] makes 3D printed concrete a huge potential for reducing carbon emissions. Secondly, as mentioned above, current structural systems do not perfectly match 3D concrete printing technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

Xiao,

Liu,

Ding

et al. 2021

Sustain. Struct.

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This paper aims to present an overview and explore components or structures suitable for 3D printed concrete. Most traditional structural forms are not well suitable for 3D printed concrete. To be more specific, it cannot fully consider the characteristics and advantages of 3D printing such as individualization and digitalization. Several 3D-printing-specific structure forms (including hollow form, tree form, arch form, and structure-functional form) are classified and the relevant successful cases are demonstrated. Moreover, the application potential of 3D printed concrete structures is illustrated and the limitations as well as the solutions for the application of 3D printed concrete in practical projects are also summarized. Based on the classification of different reinforcement materials, several reinforcement methods are intensively discussed for 3D printed concrete including steel bars, fibers and other reinforcement materials. The comparison of economic and environmental benefits between 3D concrete printing technology and traditional construction method is discussed respectively. Finally, the expected evolution of 3D printed structures is put forward and recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

Xiao,

Liu,

Ding

et al. 2021

Sustain. Struct.

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“…For instance, cob exhibits higher material ductility when compared to rammed earth and adobe [15]. Besides, as a wet-based construction material, cob gives further freedom in design during all phases of construction when compared to dry methods like rammed earth [16]. Furthermore, such a characteristic enhances the durability of the material since its maintenance will be smoother and more flexible.…”

Section: Cob As a Building Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance its structural stability, many researchers have added other materials such as clay, lime, or cement. Generally, it has been recommended for conventional construction of cob that the composition of the mixture averages 78% subsoil, 20% water, and 2% fibre (typically straw) by weight [16].…”

Section: Content Of Cob Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The State of the Art of Cob Construction: A Comprehensive Review of the Optimal Mixtures and Testing Methods

2023

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Earthen construction systems have potential hygrothermal, and environmental benefits over conventional building materials such as concrete. However, such systems are not yet fully optimised to be part of an energy-efficient building. Therefore, to further optimise the material, this review explores peerreviewed research articles that relate to different materials used in cob mixes and the different testing methods used to assess the produced specimen's hygrothermal performance. For data collection, a systematic keyword search was carried out on ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google scholar search engines and relevant books. The filtering of journal articles was based on studying the abstracts followed by analysing their content within the scope of the review. The results show that the soil's constituents and the added fibre ratios critically affect the percentages of clay and water added to the mixture. Fibres' impact on the mix was experimented with by multiple researchers using distinct types of plant aggregates. The percentage of fibre addition ranged between 0.9% and 3% for structural specimens and reached 25% for non-structural specimens with optimised insulation properties. However, there is no consensus and robust collated data available about the ratios of the mixes concerning the hygrothermal performance of the specimens. Therefore, a matrix for mixes and testing methods was developed with the available data to aid the progression of any future optimisation effort.

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“…Alqenaee et al [16] changed the printability and later mechanical properties of 3D printing Cob by changing the water content, limestone powder content and straw content. Gomaa et al [17] increased the water content to 25% on average, reduced the subsoil to 73%, and kept the straw at 2% (weight ratio) to achieve the printing of cob mixture, and studied the feasibility of 3D printing cob walls in low-rise buildings. These studies are not comprehensive on the quantitative indicators of the printability of 3D printing cob, and there are few systematic studies on the rheological property and printing performance of material based on water content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on buildability and mechanical properties of 3D printing cob

Wu,

Shi,

Huo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The application of 3D printing technology to earth buildings conforms to the development concept of low carbon, green and intelligent construction. The key issue lies in the development of earth material with both favorable buildability and sufficient mechanical properties. In this study, the printing parameters of mixture for 3D printing with different water contents were optimized. The optimum water content of 3D printing cob was determined based on the buildability. The result shows that when the flow spreading diameter is between 140 mm and 160 mm, 3D printing cob has good buildability performance. The optimum water content is 24.6%. In addition, anisotropic performance was analyzed by compressive strength tests from three orthogonal directions. In particular, according to the test results of single printing limit height and yield stress, the buildability of 3D printing cob wall was analyzed. The building strategy of the printing divided into multiple times was obtained.

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Feasibility of 3DP cob walls under compression loads in low-rise construction

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

The State of the Art of Cob Construction: A Comprehensive Review of the Optimal Mixtures and Testing Methods

Experimental study on buildability and mechanical properties of 3D printing cob

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