Feasibility demonstration of a mechanically pumped two-phase CO[sub 2] cooling loop for the AMS-2 tracker experiment

Verlaat, B.; Rookhuizen, H. Boer; Delil, A.A.M.; Woering, A.A.; Perrin, E.; Pohl, M.; Battiston, R.

doi:10.1063/1.1449708

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(2 reference statements)

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“…IBBelle is based on the 2PACL (2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop) [37,38] concept, and consists of a chiller, a heat exchanger, liquid CO 2 pumps, and an accumulator. The R404A refrigerant, which can be operated below −50 °C, is chosen for the chiller.…”

Section: Cooling Plant and Co 2 Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the cooling of the SVD during commissioning, the MARCO (Multi-purpose Apparatus for Research on CO 2 cooling) cooling system was utilized. MARCO is a CO 2 cooling unit based on the 2PACL (2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop) [37,38] concept. The cooling capacity of MARCO is in the order of 1 kW, and the operational temperature ranges from the room temperature to −40 °C.…”

Section: Targets Of Stand-alone Svd Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The design, construction, operation and performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

et al. 2022

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The Silicon Vertex Detector of Belle II is a state-of-the-art tracking and vertexing system based on double-sided silicon strip sensors, designed and fabricated by a large international collaboration in the period 2012–2018. Since 2019 it has been in operation providing high quality data with a small number of defective channels (<1%), a large hit-finding efficiency (>99%), a good signal-to-noise ratio (well in excess of 10 for all sensor configurations and tracks). Together with the good control over the alignment, these are all essential factors to achieve good tracking reconstruction and physics performance. In this extended paper we try to document all the aspects of the SVD challenges and achievements, in the spirit of providing information to the broader community and help the development of high quality detector systems, which are essential tools to carry out physics research.

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Section: Cooling Plant and Co 2 Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Targets Of Stand-alone Svd Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design, construction, operation and performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

et al. 2022

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“…(4) No heat leak exits between any two adjacent heater groups. In the homogeneous model [23] , the total transit time τ is the sum of all the transit time of CO 2 fluid particles, required to flow through all the heater group sections and the tubes between the heater group sections.…”

Section: The Oscillation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the example is the Tracker Thermal Control System (TTCS) for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) , which will be the first active pump-driven two-phase thermal control system for space application [1][2][3][4][5][6] . It is a mechanically pumped two-phase carbon dioxide cooling loop, and is developed to carry away 144W waste heat to the radiators that expel heat to the space, by providing active temperature control with stability within ±1°C to the tracker detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of flow oscillations in parallel evaporators of a carbon dioxide two-phase loop

Sun¹,

He²,

Huang³

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Stability is a key factor that limits the application of liquid-vapor two-phase loop. in this paper, we investigated the two-phase flow stability boundaries of two evaporators in parallel in a mechanically pumped CO 2 two-phase loop(MPTL), which distinguish steady flow, flow oscillations at the inlet, and temperature oscillations at the outlets of the evaporators. We inferred that the instability is the result of density wave oscillation (DWO), and found that the periods of the flow oscillations are comparable with the residence time of CO 2 fluid particle in the evaporator.

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“…The design trade for ALPHA Magnetic Spectrometer tracker (AMS-2) considered passive capillary pumped systems and both single and two-phase mechanically-pumped systems for cooling and isothermalizing 200 discrete detectors (Verlaat et al, 2002;Molina et al, 2003). Ultimately a two-phase liquid pumped system with a centrifugal pump and serial smooth-walled evaporators was selected, with carbon dioxide as a working fluid, primarily because of its low liquid/vapor density ratio.…”

Section: Review Of State-of-the-art (Soa) Thermal Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test Results for a High Power Thermal Management System

Wrenn¹,

Wolf

2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

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In response to the identified needs of emerging high power spacecraft applications, a multiple evaporator hybrid loop heat pipe (H-LHP) was developed and tested as part of a Dual Use Science and Technology (DUS&T) program co-sponsored by ATK and AFRL/PRP. During the course of the DUS&T program, a two-kilowatt system with three evaporators was developed and tested to identify viable system architectures and characterize system performance capabilities as a function of heat load profiles and spatial distribution of the evaporators. Following the successful development of the two-kilowatt system, a 10-kilowatt system with six evaporators was fabricated and tested. Tests were performed with the system operating in a totally passive mode, where applying a small amount of power to a sweepage evaporator provides the auxiliary flow through the primary evaporators, and as a self-regulating, capillary-controlled mechanically pumped system. This paper will provide a description of the 10-kilowatt multievaporator system and present the results of the passive and mechanically pump test programs.The effort described in this paper includes selection of the appropriate thermal architecture through a brief literature review of state-of-the-art technology; refinement of the architecture details via testing of a three-evaporator development test bed and exercising a Thermal Desktop Sinda/Fluint thermal model; and program culmination with the fabrication and demonstration of a two-phase liquid-pumped high-power Ground Demonstration System with capillary-controlled flow regulation (no control valves) having a 10-kW coohng capacity that is readily capable of scaling to larger systems. TECHNICAL BACKGROUNDThis section begins with an overview of common requirements for potential applications in high power spacecraft. Once potential application requirements were identified, a comprehensive literature search was performed in order CP969, Space Technology and Applications International Forum-STAIF 2008, edited by M. S. El-Genk

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Feasibility demonstration of a mechanically pumped two-phase CO[sub 2] cooling loop for the AMS-2 tracker experiment

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

The design, construction, operation and performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

The design, construction, operation and performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

Experimental study of flow oscillations in parallel evaporators of a carbon dioxide two-phase loop

Test Results for a High Power Thermal Management System

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