Chronic otitis media is the chronic inflammation of mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft characterized by ear discharge, a permanent perforation of the tympanic membrane and impairment in hearing. It is one of the most common ear diseases encountered in developing countries due to poor socio-economic standards, poor nutrition, lack of health education and unhygienic habits. Other causes of tympanic membrane perforation include trauma,blast injury etc. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Subcommitee on conservation of Hearing 1965 definition Tympanoplasty is ''a procedure to eradicate disease in the middle ear and to reconstruct the hearing mechanism with or without tympanic membrane grafting"1 . The term Tympanoplasty was introduced in 1953 by Wullstein to describe surgical techniques for reconstruction of the middle-ear hearing mechanisms that had been impaired or destroyed by chronic ear disease 2 . Tympanoplasty can be considered the final step in the surgical conquest of the conductive hearing loss and represents the culmination of over 100 years of evolution of surgical procedures on the middle ear to improve hearing. The surgical application of the operating microscope,first by Nylen 3 in 1921 as a monocular instrunment , and then by Holmgren,who introduced the binocular operating microscope in 1992,was an important advance destined to play an increasing role in the perfection of fenestration ,stapes operations and tympanoplasty . With the advent of the rigid endoscopes for sinus surgery, its extended applications in other fields have emerged. Mer and colleagues introduced the middle ear endoscopy 4 . Since then endoscopes are increasingly used for various middle ear surgeries. Transcanal endoscopic approaches of middle ear provide wide angled view for inspecting the anatomy of the middle ear and redefining of the ossicles, which allows a better understanding of the ligaments and folds of the middle ear and help to understand the physiology of different spaces 5 . In the surgical repair of tympanic membrane perforations several variables come into play such as size of perforation, overhang, eustachian tube function, state of the mucosa, wound healing, degree of pneumatization etc.
Aims and Objectives:-The objective was to determine merits and demerits of the endoscope as compared to the microscope in tympanoplasty type-1 surgery and to compare the results of both groups in terms of the duration of surgery, graft success rate and the post operative hearing gain.Corresponding Author:-Smruti Swain.