Fears of compassion: Development of three self‐report measures

Gilbert, Paul; McEwan, Kirsten; Matos, Marcela; Rivis, Amanda

doi:10.1348/147608310x526511

Cited by 699 publications

(829 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Costa & Pinto Gouveia, 2011; Gilbert et al, 2011; Neff, 2003; Raes, 2010; Roemer et al, 2009; van Dam et al, 2011), and (posttraumatic) stress (e.g. Costa & Pinto Gouveia, 2011; Dahm et al, 2015; Gilbert et al, 2011; Hiraoka et al, 2015; Raque-Bogdan, Ericson, Jackson, Martin, & Bryan, 2011; Thompson & Waltz, 2008). Self-compassion is defined as the tendency to be open to one’s own pain and suffering, to experience feelings of kindness toward oneself, to recognize that one’s experience is part of a common human experience, and to take an understanding, non-judgmental attitude toward one’s failures and inadequacies (Neff, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Costa & Pinto Gouveia, 2011; Gilbert, McEwan, Matos, & Rivis, 2011; Kuyken et al, 2010; Neff, Pisitsungkagarn, & Hseih, 2008; Raes, 2010, 2011; Roemer et al, 2009; van Dam, Sheppard, Forsyth, & Earleywine, 2011), anxiety (e.g. Costa & Pinto Gouveia, 2011; Gilbert et al, 2011; Neff, 2003; Raes, 2010; Roemer et al, 2009; van Dam et al, 2011), and (posttraumatic) stress (e.g. Costa & Pinto Gouveia, 2011; Dahm et al, 2015; Gilbert et al, 2011; Hiraoka et al, 2015; Raque-Bogdan, Ericson, Jackson, Martin, & Bryan, 2011; Thompson & Waltz, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grief rumination mediates the association between self-compassion and psychopathology in relatives of missing persons

Lenferink

Eisma

Keijser

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The disappearance of a loved one is a unique type of loss, also termed ‘ambiguous loss’, which may heighten the risk for developing prolonged grief (PG), depression, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Little is known about protective and risk factors for psychopathology among relatives of missing persons. A potential protective factor is self-compassion, referring to openness toward and acceptance of one’s own pain, failures, and inadequacies. One could reason that self-compassion is associated with lower levels of emotional distress following ambiguous loss, because it might serve as a buffer for getting entangled in ruminative thinking about the causes and consequences of the disappearance (‘grief rumination’). Objective: In a sample of relatives of missing persons we aimed to examine (1) the prediction that greater self-compassion is related to lower symptom-levels of PG, depression, and PTS and (2) to what extent these associations are mediated by grief rumination. Method: Dutch and Belgian relatives of long-term missing persons (N = 137) completed self-report measures tapping self-compassion, grief rumination, PG, depression, and PTS. Mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Self-compassion was significantly, negatively, and moderately associated with PG, depression, and PTS levels. Grief rumination significantly mediated the associations of higher levels of self-compassion with lower levels of PG (a*b = −0.11), depression (a*b = −0.07), and PTS (a*b = −0.11). Specifically, 50%, 32%, and 32% of the effect of self-compassion on PG, depression, and PTS levels, respectively, was accounted for by grief rumination. Conclusions: Findings suggest that people with more self-compassion experience less severe psychopathology, in part because these people are less strongly inclined to engage in ruminative thinking related to the disappearance. Strengthening a self-compassionate attitude using, for instance, mindfulness-based interventions may therefore be a useful intervention to reduce emotional distress associated with the disappearance of a loved one.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grief rumination mediates the association between self-compassion and psychopathology in relatives of missing persons

Lenferink

Eisma

Keijser

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Gilbert et al (2010) reported McLaughlin et als' (2003) findings that some individuals feel that if one is compassionate toward another he/she will be taken advantage of. We may hypothesize that individuals who have high levels of SDO also have a high Fear of Compassion for Others because they discriminate against outgroup members more than those who have low levels of SDO (Pratto et al 1994) and exhibit uncompassionate behaviors to out-group members (Gilbert et al 2010). SDO Theory would expect those who score high on measures of SDO to score higher on Fear of Compassion for Others given the potentially attenuating effects of compassion on social hierarchies.…”

Section: Fear Of Compassion For Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although compassion has been shown to have positive affects (Gilbert et al 2010), there are some who fear it. This is extremely problematic from an evolutionary standpoint as affiliative emotions help us regulate threats and social isolation (Depue and Morrone-Strupinsky 2005).…”

Section: Fear Of Compassion From Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People who are low in self-compassion also sometimes feel that they do not deserve to be self-compassionate. Gilbert et al (2010) explained that the lack of self-compassion may be due to an abusive background. SDO Theory would expect those who score high on measures of SDO to score higher on Fear of Compassion for Self given the potentially attenuating effects of compassion on social hierarchies.…”

Section: Fear Of Compassion For Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Facets of Compassion: The Impact of Social Dominance Orientation and Economic Systems Justification

et al. 2014

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Business students appear predisposed to select disciplines consistent with pre-existing worldviews. These disciplines (e.g., economics) then further reinforce the worldviews which may not always be adaptive. For example, high levels of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) is a trait often found in business school students (Sidanius et al., Political Psychol 12(4):691-721, 1991). SDO is a competitive and hierarchical worldview and belief-system that ascribes people to higher or lower social rankings. While research suggests that high levels of SDO may be linked to lower levels of empathy, research has not established the potential relationship between another related adaptive trait in the workplace, compassion. Compassion facilitates workplace performance by lowering levels of litigation, easing stress, and facilitating cooperation. Accordingly, the following study aimed to examine the relationship between SDO and compassion while hypothesizing Economic Systems Justification (ESJ) would mediate this relationship. Because of the importance of compassion in the workplace, the prevalence of SDO in the business academic community (Sidanius et al. 1991) and the topicality of ESJ, we conducted our study with business school students. Results confirmed all but one hypothesis.

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Depression:The Challenges of an Integrative, Biopsychosocial Evolutionary Approach

Gilbert¹

2013

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Mood Disorders

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Fears of compassion: Development of three self‐report measures

Cited by 699 publications

References 51 publications

Grief rumination mediates the association between self-compassion and psychopathology in relatives of missing persons

Grief rumination mediates the association between self-compassion and psychopathology in relatives of missing persons

Multiple Facets of Compassion: The Impact of Social Dominance Orientation and Economic Systems Justification

Depression:The Challenges of an Integrative, Biopsychosocial Evolutionary Approach

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