Fear survey schedule-III: Oblique and orthogonal factorial structures in an American college population

Brown, Audrey M.; Crawford, Helen J.

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(88)90104-3

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similar factor structures of common fears are found in phobic and nonphobic psychiatric populations (e.g., Arrindell, 1980;Arrindell, Emmelkamp, & van der Ende, 1984;Arrindell et al, 1990;Tomlin et al, 1984), college student populations (e.g., Arrindell et al, 1984; A. M. Brown & Crawford, 1988), the elderly (A. M. Brown, 1987), and children (Ollendick, 1983;Ollendick, King, & Frary, 1989). The most frequently occurring factors are fears of interpersonal events (e.g., social evaluation or social interaction) and fears associated with death, physical pain, and surgery.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Owerview Of Phobias: Types and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 53%

“…Fears of animals and insects appear fairly consistently. A fear of environmental concerns sometimes occurs (Arrindell, 1980; A. M. Brown & Crawford, 1988). A general fear factor has not been found (e.g., Arrindell, 1980;Arrindell et al, 1984), suggesting possible etiological differences among these fear factors.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Owerview Of Phobias: Types and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 93%

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Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis.

Crawford

Barabasz

1993

Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis.

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Most clinical and experimental psychologists have been acquaintedwith clients, students, or research subjects who have described irrational and debilitating fears of specific stimuli or situations. An understanding of phobias, both their etiology and maintenance, and the role of hypnosis in their treatment should help facilitate appropriate referrals and increase the probability of successful outcomes.Several treatment approaches have been shown to be effective. This chapter concentrates on the use of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias as an adjunct to cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, insight therapy, and other approaches. We will review experimental research that finds that the effectiveness of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias seems to be related to the often high hypnotic responsivity of phobics and their unusual capacity for imagery vividness, focused attention, and flexibility in information-We Erently appreciate the insightful comments and suggestions made hy Thornaa Ollendick and Fred Frankel to an earlier version of t h s chapter.

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Section: Clinical Applications Owerview Of Phobias: Types and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Clinical Applications Owerview Of Phobias: Types and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 93%

Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis.

Crawford

Barabasz

1993

Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis.

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“…Another potential threat to the reliability of self-report is that male participants may tend to underreport psychiatric symptoms as compared with female participants, perhaps because open expression of fear is discouraged by the traditional masculine gender role. Indeed, studies of nonpatients indicate that female participants report more severe fears and phobias than do male participants on measures of self-reported fear (Agras, Sylvester, & Oliveau, 1969; Brown & Crawford, 1988; Cornelius & Averill, 1983; Farley, Sewell, & Mealiea, 1982; Geer, 1965; Kleinknecht & Lenz, 1989; Klorman, Weerts, Hastings, Melamed, & Lang, 1974) and are twice as likely as male participants to meet criteria for specific phobia (Fredrikson, Annas, Fischer, & Wik, 1996). Surveys such as these, however, cannot determine whether the obtained sex differences are due to reporting bias or whether they reflect actual differences in experienced fear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research.

Tolin¹,

Foa²

2006

Psychological Bulletin

1,803

164

1,134

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Meta-analyses of studies yielding sex-specific risk of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicated that female participants were more likely than male participants to meet criteria for PTSD, although they were less likely to experience PTEs. Female participants were more likely than male participants to experience sexual assault and child sexual abuse, but less likely to experience accidents, nonsexual assaults, witnessing death or injury, disaster or fire, and combat or war. Among victims of specific PTEs (excluding sexual assault or abuse), female participants exhibited greater PTSD. Thus, sex differences in risk of exposure to particular types of PTE can only partially account for the differential PTSD risk in male and female participants.

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“…In 1964, Wolpe and Lang designed a 72-item survey for use in clinical settings. The FSS has been used extensively to identify individuals who may be suffering from phobias to assess the severity of their fears and to evaluate the outcome following treatment [Brown and Crawford, 1988;Costello, 1982]. The items included are related not only to common fears but also to specific phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobic situations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between frequency and intensity of fears and a collagen condition

Bulbena¹,

Gago²,

Sperry³

et al. 2006

Depress. Anxiety

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Encouraged by the positive relationship between joint laxity and panic anxiety, our objective in this study was to compare widespread cultural fears in subjects with and without joint hypermobility syndrome and to assess whether this relationship is sustained for common fears as well. A sample consisting of 1,305 subjects from a rural town were assessed for joint hypermobility syndrome using Beighton's criteria. We assessed fear intensity and frequency using a modified version of the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). Intense fears, defined with a score of 3-4, were compared between hypermobile and nonhypermobile subjects. The analysis was carried out separately for men and women. Nonparametric analysis was applied throughout. Joint hypermobility syndrome was found in 19.9% (141) of women and 6.9% (41) of men. Concerning the fear survey, when we compared the groups with and without joint hypermobility, the mean total scores for both genders were significantly higher for the hypermobile group. When we analyzed each item individually, 43 out of the 44 most severe fears in women and 36 out of the 39 in men, scores were significantly higher in the hypermobile group. We found significant differences between subjects with and without joint hypermobility when assessing specific fears, reinforcing the hypothesis that intensity of fears is greater in subjects with joint hypermobility syndrome. These results show that the association of joint laxity and phobic anxiety is sustained for intense fears and might represent a susceptibility factor for these anxiety conditions.

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Fear survey schedule-III: Oblique and orthogonal factorial structures in an American college population

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis.

Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis.

Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research.

The relationship between frequency and intensity of fears and a collagen condition

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