Fear of the unknown: ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy

Groen, Reinou S.; Bae, Jin Yung; Lim, Kyoung Ja

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.001

Cited by 79 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The effects of ionizing radiation on an embryo and fetus can include: pregnancy loss, malformations, neurobehavioral abnormalities, fetal growth retardation, and cancer. However, there is no defined threshold and the amount of radiation does not predict the severity of the disease (27). The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) reported that 5 rad radiation does not lead to fetal loss, still birth, birth defects or childhood leukemia (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) reported that 5 rad radiation does not lead to fetal loss, still birth, birth defects or childhood leukemia (2). Nevertheless, Groen et al (27) stated that a low dose of radiation causes increased risk in childhood leukemia. On the other hand, the nature and extent of determining effects of radiation on pregnancy depend on the radiation dose and trimester of the pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal studies show that, during the first 2 weeks after conception, a dose as small as 10-20 rad can be lethal for an embryo. The threshold for fetal death increases throughout gestation as the fetus develops (27). Despite this, anxiety regarding the harmful effects of radiation is not a drawback for X-ray imaging necessary for making a diagnosis (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy and trauma: analysis of 139 cases

Karadaş¹,

Gönüllü²,

Öncü³

et al. 2012

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Objective:The aim of this study was to examine the diagnoses and treatment methods and demographical and clinical characteristics of pregnant women who were exposed to trauma and in additon, review of the literature was carried out in this regard. Material and Methods:One hundred thirty-nine pregnant women who presented at the Yüzüncü Yıl University between January 2006 and September 2009 with local or general body trauma complaints were analysed retrospectively. Results:The average age of the cases was 26.72±6.29 years and the age group ranging from 21-34 composed the majority. When they were studied according to their etiologies, falls during daily activities formed 43.9%. When they were analyzed in terms of their gestational weeks, 64.46% were in the 3 rd trimester. Pregnant cases with trauma resulted in maternal (3 cases) and fetal (9 cases) loss. It was found that 19 cases who had imaging techniques involving radiation and whose gestation was continuing had a problem-free gestation period and healthy children. Conclusion:It is mandatory to evaluate both mother and fetus together when trauma exposure is in question, the general well-being of the fetus should be provided and the mother should be informed about the presence of advanced trauma life support. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13: 118-22) Key words: Pregnancy, trauma, emergency department, radiation, etiology Received: 31 January, 2012 Accepted: 23 April, 2012 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı travmaya maruz kalan gebe olguların demografik, klinik özelliklerini, tetkik ve tedavi yöntemlerini incelemek ve literatürü gözden geçirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Abstract ÖzetOriginal Investigation 118

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy and trauma: analysis of 139 cases

Karadaş¹,

Gönüllü²,

Öncü³

et al. 2012

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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“…People are exposed to ionizing radiation every day from the food, building materials, soil and air from outer space [1]. In addition to the natural radiation, people might also be exposed to the radiation from medical tests and treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to radiation therapy is associated with female reproductive health among childhood cancer survivors: a meta-analysis study

Gao

Liang

Qiu

2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Background and aims Many epidemiological studies have revealed a positive correlation between medical radiation exposure and the reproductive health in female childhood cancer survivors. However, because of variations in the samples size, such studies showed partly inconsistent conclusions. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the association between radiotherapy and the risk of reproductive health impairment for female who survived from childhood cancer. Methods Fourteen cohort studies involving childhood radiotherapy were selected as the exposure of interest and the impaired reproductive health condition during the childbearing age as the outcome. Among meta-analysis of observational studies found in Pubmed and Embase from 1900 to 2014, we evaluated those relevant observational studies which surveyed the association of medical radiation and reproductive health in female childhood cancer survivors. Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 software were used to perform the metaanalysis. Study-specific estimations for each outcome were combined into a pooled relative risk (RR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) by a meta-analytic approach.Results Based on a random-effects meta-analysis, significant association between infertility (RR=1.28, 95 % CI=1.16-1.42), acute ovarian failure (AOF) (RR=9.51, 95 % CI=5.03-17.96), low level of anti mullerian hormone (AMH) (<1 ng/mL) (RR=14.79, 95 % CI=3.36-66.64), stillbirth (RR=1.19, 95 % CI=1.02-1.39) and low birth weight (RR=2.22, 95 % CI= 1.55-3.17) were identified. Conversely, no significant results were found in abortion and congenital malformations. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis assessing the effect of medical radiation on female childhood cancer survivors' reproductive capability and pregnancy outcomes. Although there were some limitations, our meta-analysis further supported that radiotherapy was a risk factor for reproductive health problems of female who survived from childhood cancer.

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“…From two weeks after conception until term, a minimum fetal radiation dose of 350-500 mGy is required to cause adverse outcomes such as pregnancy loss, fetal malformations, growth restriction and developmental delay. 1 Practice guidelines from the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggest a more conservative threshold of 50 mGy or less during pregnancy to avoid adverse events. Typical fetal radiation doses from common examinations are shown in Appendix 1 (available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.140901/-/DC1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%