Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Anxiety and Response to Positive and Negative Online Social Cues

Bautista, Chandra L.; Hope, Debra A.

doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9687-3

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Fear of negative evaluation is a key feature of social anxiety. It is characterized by a strong negative self-referential bias and irrational thoughts, such as worrying about how others feel about you and perceiving criticism and rejection from others ( 73 ). The self-guided VRET may help clients to challenge their beliefs and biases toward the virtual social threats, such as virtual audience members shaking their heads, and to transfer these skills to real life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Self-Guided Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy for Public-Speaking Anxiety

et al. 2021

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Objectives: Self-guided virtual-reality exposure therapy (VRET) is a psychological intervention that enables a person to increase their own exposure to perceived threat. Public-speaking anxiety (PSA) is an anxiety-provoking social situation that is characterized by fear of negative evaluation from an audience. This pilot study aimed to determine whether self-guided VRET (1) increases exposure to PSA-specific virtual social threats, and (2) reduces anxiety, arousal, heartrate and PSA over repeated exposure.Methods: Thirty-two University students (27 completers) with high self-reported public-speaking anxiety attended 2 weekly self-guided VRET sessions. Each session involved the participant delivering a 20-min speech in a virtual classroom. Participants were able to increase their exposure to virtual social threat through the audience size, audience reaction, number of speech prompts, and their own salience in the virtual classroom at 4-min intervals. Participants' heartrates and self-reported anxiety and arousal were monitored during these intervals. Participants completed psychometric assessments after each session and 1 month later.Results: Participants increased their exposure to virtual social threat during each VRET session, which coincided with a reduction in heartrate and self-reported anxiety and arousal. Improvement in PSA occurred post-treatment and 1 month later. The in-session improvement in anxiety correlated with reductions in fear of negative evaluation post-treatment and 1 month later.Conclusions: Increased self-exposure to virtual social threat from self-guided VRET relieves anxiety and shows immediate reductions in subjective and physiological arousal during application, but also yields sustained improvement in PSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Self-Guided Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy for Public-Speaking Anxiety

et al. 2021

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“…The prevalence rates are about twice as high for women (Auerbach et al, 2018), which is specifically burdening for females aged between 15 and 34 (Baxter, Vos, Scott, Ferrari, & Whiteford, 2014). Social phobia, defined as the fear of negative evaluation (Bautista & Hope, 2015), is characterized by an intense fear of social situations, which can lead to avoidance of social encounters and restricted social functioning (Heeren & McNally, 2018;Tahmassian & Moghadam, 2011). Individuals with social phobia experience fear of attention even from a small group of people (Jefferson, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with social phobia experience fear of attention even from a small group of people (Jefferson, 2001). By focusing on their internal feelings, they become unable to concentrate on objective reality because of the fear of negative evaluation (Bautista & Hope, 2015). Dysfunctional cognitive schemas, comprising negative core beliefs (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Role of Social Phobia Between Perfectionism and Low Life Satisfaction Among Young Women

Dobos¹,

Kenny²,

Pikó³

2021

The European Journal of Counselling Psychology

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Individuals with social phobia report lower quality of life, poorer social functioning and lower achievement. Young women are more likely to experience anxiety than other demographic groups. Using bidirectional associations and a path model, this study examined the interrelationship between social phobia and trait anxiety, perfectionism and self-efficacy, and the role these variables play in the life satisfaction of 394 females aged between 18 and 35. Correlational analysis revealed that women with higher levels of trait anxiety, social phobia and perfectionism and lower levels of perceived self-efficacy were less satisfied with their life. Greater satisfaction with life was achieved by those who had higher self-efficacy, lower trait anxiety, less perfectionism and fewer social fears. In the final path model, the mediated effect of perfectionism, social phobia and satisfaction with life was significant. Social phobia fully mediated the link between perfectionism and low life satisfaction. These results suggest that perfectionism indirectly affects satisfaction with life through its contribution to the experience of social phobia. Overall, these results support the role of social phobia in young women's lower satisfaction with life. In addition, perfectionism -indirectly, through developing social phobia -may also contribute to lower levels of life satisfaction, while self-efficacy does not mediate these interrelationships.

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“…Social anxiety is more salient when individuals attempt to express or create a desirable self to others (Goffman, 1959; Schlenker and Leary, 1982). The cognitive behavior model indicates that the fear of negative evaluation is a core cause of social anxiety (Bautista and Hope, 2015; Rapee and Heimberg, 1997).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quiet versus loud luxury: the influence of overt and covert narcissism on young Chinese and US luxury consumers' preferences?

Jiang

Cui

Shan

2021

IMR

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PurposeThis study examines the impact of narcissism on young luxury consumers' preferences for quiet versus loud luxury products in China and the United States. As young consumers are increasingly becoming the bedrock of global luxury growth, it is imperative for marketing researchers and practitioners to understand the psychological and social needs of these consumers.Design/methodology/approachA two-study examination of young Chinese and US luxury consumers suggests that the two types of narcissism influence luxury consumption in different ways. Study 1 is a survey of young Chinese consumers that examines how the impact of narcissism on luxury purchase is mediated by social attitude functions and moderated by social anxiety. Study 2 is an experiment conducted in both the United States and China that establishes the causal relationship between the different types of narcissism and purchase intention toward quiet versus loud luxury products.FindingsBuilding on an overarching framework that integrates both the narcissism literature and social attitude function theory, this study shows that overt narcissistic (vs. covert) consumers hold a value-expressive (vs. social-adjustive) attitude toward luxury products, which leads them to prefer quiet (vs. loud) luxury. In addition, higher levels of social anxiety enhance the mediating role of narcissistic consumers' social attitude functions.Originality/valueThis study advances understanding of young Chinese and US luxury consumers' narcissistic consumption patterns by proposing and empirically testing a novel research model that examines the mechanisms by which overt and covert narcissism leads to a different preference of quiet and loud luxury via the routes of different social attitude functions.

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Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Anxiety and Response to Positive and Negative Online Social Cues

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

The Effectiveness of Self-Guided Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy for Public-Speaking Anxiety

The Effectiveness of Self-Guided Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy for Public-Speaking Anxiety

The Mediating Role of Social Phobia Between Perfectionism and Low Life Satisfaction Among Young Women

Quiet versus loud luxury: the influence of overt and covert narcissism on young Chinese and US luxury consumers' preferences?

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