Fear of heights and mild visual height intolerance independent of alcohol consumption

Abstract

Background Visual height intolerance occurs when a visual stimulus causes apprehension of losing balance and falling from some height. Affecting one-third of the population, it has a broad spectrum of symptoms, ranging from minor distress to fear of heights, which is defined as a specific phobia. Specific phobias are associated with higher alcohol consumption. This has not been specifically shown for susceptibility to the more general visual height intolerance. Methods Representative case–control study nested within a population-based cross-sectional telephone survey to assess epidemiologically 1253 individuals ≥14 years, using a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, typical symptoms, precipitating visual stimuli, and alcohol drinking patterns (overall frequency of alcohol consumption, the daily quantities, and the motives). Results Individuals susceptible or nonsusceptible to visual height intolerance showed no significant differences in drinking patterns. The daily average alcohol consumption was slightly higher in persons susceptible to visual height intolerance (4.1 g/day vs. 3.7 g/day). Of those consuming alcohol, cases and controls reported on average consuming 2.3 glasses per day. The prevalence of visual height intolerance was insignificantly higher in the small minority of those drinking 2–3 times per week versus teetotalers. Conclusions Our study does not provide evidence that visual height intolerance – contrary to various specific phobias – is significantly associated with individual alcohol consumption patterns.

Acrophobia and visual height intolerance: advances in epidemiology and mechanisms

“…This kind of comorbidity was also shown for specific phobias in a large representative epidemiological survey in the United States [20] with varying frequencies among subtypes of specific phobias [18,31]: it was higher for animal, situational, and blood/injury subtypes as compared to environmental subtypes [15,17]. In contrast, there is no evidence that visual height intolerance and fear of heights are significantly associated with alcohol misuse [32]. However, up to 30% of individuals with fear of heights report the use of anxiolytic medication or the consumption of alcohol for the prevention of or relief from anxiety at heights [33][34][35].…”

Height intolerance between physiological mechanisms and psychological distress: a review of literature and our experience

“…increased visual dependence in postural control) 15 . Specific phobias are more frequently associated with higher alcohol consumption; on the other hand, a recent questionnaire-based study did not provide evidence of an association in subjects with height intolerance 16 .…”