Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport

Gustafsson, Henrik; Sagar, Sam S.; Stenling, Andreas

doi:10.1111/sms.12797

Cited by 139 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…By relying on this multi‐method measure, the current study replicated findings of previous questionnaire‐based research. In accordance with earlier studies, results show that the more fear of failure tennis players report, the more self‐talk, both positive and negative, they indicate to use . Furthermore, the more negative, but not positive, self‐talk tennis players use, the more pressure they experience, with negative self‐talk functioning as an intervening variable in the relation between fear of failure and perceived pressure.…”

Section: Perspectivesupporting

confidence: 90%

Strengthening the assessment of self‐talk in sports through a multi‐method approach

Muynck

Soenens

Delrue

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Although self‐talk during competitive sports is common and predictive of athletes' motivation, experiences, and performance, it is difficult to accurately assess self‐talk. An important, yet underexplored, next step in the assessment of self‐talk is to rely on a multi‐method approach. The present study sought to examine whether tennis players' self‐talk assessed either via self‐reports or via a live‐recorded procedure would relate to each other. Competitive tennis players (N = 120; Mage = 25.22; SDage = 9.82) were asked to perform multiple tennis exercises while verbalizing their thoughts, which were audio‐recorded and subsequently coded. Prior to exercise engagement, they indicated their fear of failure, while, after exercise engagement, they reported on their experienced pressure and self‐talk using questionnaires. There was substantial correspondence between the coded and self‐reported measure, allowing the estimation of a latent factor representing a multi‐method assessment of self‐talk. Moreover, in a theory‐consistent way, both latent factors representing negative and positive self‐talk were related to a hypothesized antecedent (ie, fear of failure), with negative self‐talk also relating to a hypothesized consequence (ie, perceived pressure). Overall, the present study shows that athletes' self‐talk can be measured reliably through different methods. Guidelines for the assessment of self‐talk in future research are provided.

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Section: Perspectivesupporting

confidence: 90%

Strengthening the assessment of self‐talk in sports through a multi‐method approach

Muynck

Soenens

Delrue

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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show abstract

“…As a paradox, research based on the SDT framework has highlighted that when less self‐determined, the ability to negotiate stress and adversity to engage in resilience and restoration processes are hampered . Altogether, the above factors seem to trap the vulnerable and exposed elite junior performers, which experience moderate and increasing frustration of autonomy and competence, into a maladaptive motivational process . Instead of reaching perfection and enhance their performances, maladaptive patterns of cognition (ie, harsh self‐critique, inferiority, shame, and fear of failure) seem to be nurtured, thereby bringing about diminished growth, increased levels of anxiety, and non‐optimal performance development …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in basic need frustration in relation to perfectionism, anxiety, and performance in elite junior performers

Haraldsen

Solstad

Ivarsson

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The present study examined whether there were different growth profiles in basic need frustration in elite junior performers over a nine‐month period. Subsequently, we examined whether the identified growth profiles differed in their levels of perfectionistic strivings and evaluative concerns measured at baseline and, additionally, whether they were associated with higher or lower levels of anxiety and perceived performance level in the end of the period. A sample of 259 (Mage = 17.31; SDage = 0.97) elite junior performers from sports and performing arts completed an online questionnaire to report their self‐ratings of the study variables. The analyses were conducted using growth mixture modeling in Mplus 8.0. Two main contrasting growth profiles were identified in each of the basic need frustration. Perfectionistic strivings were overall higher than evaluative concerns, but did not differ between the growth profiles. Conversely, evaluative concerns differed significantly between the identified growth profiles. Higher levels of evaluative concerns were associated with the most maladaptive growth profiles. Indeed, elite junior performers, who experienced moderate and increasing levels of competence and autonomy frustration, reported higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of perceived performance level than those who reported low and decreasing levels of competence and autonomy frustration. Based on these findings, evaluative concerns and basic need frustration appear to play key roles in the development of maladaptive motivational processes over time.

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“…By adopting a person-centered approach one can find groups of athletes that are characterized by distinct "burnout profiles". This can be a complement to the more commonly used variable approach and useful in future research [22].…”

Section: Measurement Of Athlete Burnoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Athlete burnout: review and recommendations

Gustafsson

DeFreese

Madigan

2017

Current Opinion in Psychology

183

156

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Highlights*Prevalence is unknown due to a lack of predefined criteria (i.e., diagnostic cut-offs).*Negative social experiences promote the risk of burnout. *Perfectionistic concerns are an important risk factor for athlete burnout. *Prevention research is lacking but findings from job burnout can provide guidelines. AbstractOver the last two decades, growing concerns regarding the negative implications of athlete burnout have spurred empirical research on the topic. In their citation network analysis of the burnout literature, Gustafsson, Hancock and Coté, cited well over 100 publications on the syndrome [1]. Despite considerable investigation into athlete burnout, there remain a number of unresolved questions and issues. Four main aims guide the current review. First, we highlight various models of athlete burnout. Second, we discuss the measurement of athlete burnout. Third, we describe the symptoms, antecedents, and consequences of athlete burnout with a focus on social perceptions and perfectionism. Finally, we provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of athlete burnout via an illustration of links between theory and practice. It is our hope that this review can stimulate future research in order to help athletes avoid burnout and other severe forms of training maladaptation.

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Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport

Cited by 139 publications

References 57 publications

Strengthening the assessment of self‐talk in sports through a multi‐method approach

Strengthening the assessment of self‐talk in sports through a multi‐method approach

Change in basic need frustration in relation to perfectionism, anxiety, and performance in elite junior performers

Athlete burnout: review and recommendations

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