Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health and Resilient Coping in Young Adult Male Inmates: A Portuguese Cross-Sectional Study

Mendes, Rute; Baccon, Wanessa Cristina; Laranjeira, Carlos

doi:10.3390/ijerph20085510

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, several ethical concerns were observed regarding the care and treatment of prisoners in relation to symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 [ 8 , 47 – 49 ]. A cross-sectional study conducted in a juvenile prison in Portugal demonstrated that during the COVID-19 pandemic a state of anxiety and fear related to the pandemic was implemented in this population that is considered more fragile [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respect for bioethical principles and human rights in prisons: a systematic review on the state of the art

Esposito,

Szocik,

Capasso

et al. 2024

BMC Med Ethics

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Background Respect for human rights and bioethical principles in prisons is a crucial aspect of society and is proportional to the well-being of the general population. To date, these ethical principles have been lacking in prisons and prisoners are victims of abuse with strong repercussions on their physical and mental health. Methods A systematic review was performed, through a MESH of the following words (bioethics) AND (prison), (ethics) AND (prison), (bioethics) AND (jail), (ethics) AND (jail), (bioethics) AND (penitentiary), (ethics) AND (penitentiary), (prison) AND (human rights). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and after PRISMA, 17 articles were included in the systematic review. Results Of the 17 articles, most were prevalence studies (n.5) or surveys (n.4), followed by cross-sectional studies (n.3), qualitative studies (n.1), retrospective (n.1) and an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design (n.1). In most cases, the studies associated bioethics with prisoners’ access to treatment for various pathologies such as vaccinations, tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV, it was also found that bioethics in prisons was related to the mental health of prisoners, disability, ageing, the condition of women, the risk of suicide or with the request for end-of-life by prisoners. The results showed shortcomings in the system of maintaining bioethical principles and respect for human rights. Conclusions Prisoners, in fact, find it difficult to access care, and have an increased risk of suicide and disability. Furthermore, they are often used as improper organ donors and have constrained autonomy that also compromises their willingness to have end-of-life treatments. In conclusion, prison staff (doctors, nurses, warders, managers) must undergo continuous refresher courses to ensure compliance with ethical principles and human rights in prisons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respect for bioethical principles and human rights in prisons: a systematic review on the state of the art

Esposito,

Szocik,

Capasso

et al. 2024

BMC Med Ethics

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“…In addition to the common vulnerabilities among individuals deprived of their liberty, inmates with a high level of suicidal intent intensity who entered prison after the pandemic onset reported significantly higher severity of psychological distress while also demonstrating lower frustration tolerance. Incarcerated individuals are more likely to suffer from anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, and suicidal behavior, which have been exacerbated by the pandemic [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Considering the positive association between anxiety, low self-control, and suicide attempts in prison [ 21 , 23 ], our findings suggest that, even after controlling for the severity of distress, perceived loss of control, anergia, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation are positively linked to suicidal intent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide Risk Screening and Assessment before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Inmates

Santoriello,

De Rosa,

Rufo

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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(1) Background: Suicide is the main cause of death in Italian prisons. The largest number of inmates who killed themselves was recorded during three years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore psychosocial risk factors for suicide among inmates incarcerated before and after the onset of COVID-19. (2) Methods: At prison reception, inmates underwent clinical interviews and were assessed using the Blaauw Scale and Suicide Assessment Scale. Psychological distress, measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-R, was compared between inmates admitted before and after COVID-19. Regression analyses were run to examine psychosocial vulnerabilities associated with suicidal intent in newly incarcerated individuals at risk of suicide. (3) Results: Among the 2098 newly admitted inmates (93.7% male) aged 18 to 87 years (M = 39.93; SD = 12.04), 1347 met the criteria for suicide risk, and 98 exhibited high suicidal intent. Inmates who entered prison after the onset of COVID-19 were older and had fewer social relationships. They had a higher prevalence of recidivism and substance abuse, along with elevated levels of psychological distress. An increase in perceived loss of control, anergia, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation emerged as the factors most strongly associated with high suicidal intent. (4) Conclusions: These findings support the value of psychosocial screening in promptly identifying inmates at risk of suicide, enabling the implementation of targeted, multi-professional interventions. Future research should replicate these results, with a focus on longitudinal studies that monitor the same inmates throughout their incarceration period.

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“…Promoting massive health education, along with physical activity, emerges as an integral strategy to improve the overall health of the prison population, recognizing these factors as essential components for a comprehensive care approach [ 49 , 50 ]. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic deteriorated the overall health of people in prison, in terms of both mental and physical health [ 51 ]. Finally, government structures must implement programs aimed at promoting physical activity and adopting healthy eating habits as an essential part of health initiatives for prisoners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Associated Factors among Brazilian Adult Inmates: A Cross-Sectional Study

Baccon,

Laranjeira,

Marques

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Previous studies on health in prison facilities have determined that imprisonment has adverse effects on both physical and emotional well-being. Therefore, the introduction of public health measures is encouraged. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the levels of physical activity and the health condition of a sample of Brazilian prisoners and (b) determine the predictors of low physical activity. An observational and cross-sectional study was developed following the STROBE checklist. Data collection took place between June and November 2019 in a maximum-security Brazilian prison institution. This study’s final sample included 220 people selected through convenience sampling, of which 115 (53.2%) were aged 18 to 29 years, followed by 79 (36.6%) aged 30 to 44 years and 22 (10.2%) aged 45 to 59 years old. Overall, 64.3% of participants failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for physical activity [at least 150–300 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week]. The majority reported unhealthy food consumption (116; 53.7%). Regarding body mass index (BMI), 50.2% of individuals were classified as eutrophic, 38.1% were overweight and 11.6% were obese. Older age (AOR: 0.95; CI95%: 0.92–0.99; p = 0.01) and sitting time (AOR: 0.74; CI95%: 0.65–0.85; p < 0.01) were associated with low adherence to physical activity. Our results highlight the importance of practicing physical activity within the prison context and the need for institutional programs that promote regular physical activity.

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Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health and Resilient Coping in Young Adult Male Inmates: A Portuguese Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

Respect for bioethical principles and human rights in prisons: a systematic review on the state of the art

Respect for bioethical principles and human rights in prisons: a systematic review on the state of the art

Suicide Risk Screening and Assessment before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Inmates

Physical Activity and Associated Factors among Brazilian Adult Inmates: A Cross-Sectional Study

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