Fear of childbirth: Validation study of the Chinese version of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire version A

Lai, Theodora Hei Tung; Kwok, Shuk Tak; Wang, Weilan; Seto, Mimi Tin Yan; Cheung, Ka Wang

doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103188

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The results of our study showed that women in rural areas had significantly high level of prenatal FOC, which exceeded the levels found in relevant study in Canada [ 35 ] and were similar to those found in Iran [ 36 ] and Hong Kong, China [ 37 ]. Our study shows that more than half of the participants had relatively high prenatal FOC (WDEQ-A scores ≥ 66), which is higher than in some studies in Australia (26%), Portugal (28%) and Sweden (26%) [ 38 – 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth and its predictors among rural women in China

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Fear of childbirth (FOC) can influence both maternal and child health. Research on FOC in China is scarce, especially on rural women. This study aimed to assess pre- and postpartum FOC and its predictors among Chinese rural women. Methods This was a prospective correlation study. A total of 569 women completed the prenatal questionnaire in the third trimester, and 477 of them completed the postpartum questionnaire within three days after childbirth. Maternal socio-demographic information, clinical information, childbirth self-efficacy and prenatal and postpartum FOC were investigated. FOC was evaluated using the Wijma Childbirth Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ). Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate linear regression analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The mean pre- and postpartum FOC scores were 64.5 (standard deviation: 25.1) and 64.3 (standard deviation: 23.9), respectively, with 20.8% of women reporting severe fear before childbirth and 18.2% after childbirth. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed predictors for higher levels of prenatal FOC including higher education level, nullipara, higher monthly household income, lower family support, and lower childbirth self-efficacy (p < 0.05) and the predictors for higher levels of postpartum FOC included unemployed status, lower childbirth self-efficacy, and higher prenatal FOC (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that higher childbirth self-efficacy reduced the likelihood of severe prenatal FOC (OR: 0.99, p < 0.001), while severe prenatal FOC increased the likelihood of severe postpartum FOC (OR: 3.57, p < 0.001). Conclusion The rural women have high levels of FOC before and after childbirth, with approximately 20% experiencing severe FOC during both periods. Higher education level, nullipara, higher monthly household income, lower family support, and lower childbirth self-efficacy are predictors of heightened prenatal FOC. Unemployed status, lower childbirth self-efficacy, and higher prenatal FOC are predictors of heightened postpartum FOC. Notably, enhancing childbirth self-efficacy emerges as crucial in mitigating severe prenatal FOC, while severe prenatal FOC significantly increases the likelihood of severe postpartum FOC. The development of targeted intervention strategies for the above factors can help reduce women’s FOC level and improve their overall pregnancy and childbirth experience.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth and its predictors among rural women in China

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Item scores range from 0 (none) to 3 (almost every day) for each item, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21 [29]. Total scores can be categorized as, normal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), or severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) [28]. In the Chinese validation study, the GAD-7 was found to have a very good internal reliability (α = 0.88) [30].…”

Section: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Epds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, several researchers have used the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (WDEQ) to assess the childbirth experience [20][21][22]. However, the 13-item-QACE has more brevity, given that it is a quick and easy instrument for women to complete, compared to the 25-item-CEQ 2.0, the 33-item-WDED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE)

Zhong,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background:The aim of this paper was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) among Chinese postpartum women (C-QACE). Method:The cross-cultural adaptation process followed Beaton (2000) intercultural debugging guidelines. A total of 235 women were included to test the psychometric properties of the C-QACE. Participants were asked to complete the demographic characteristics form, the C-QACE, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The psychometric testing of the C-QACE were evaluate through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, divergent validity and internal consistency reliability. Results: Item analysis showed that the critical ratios of all items were greater than 3 , and all item-total correlation coefficients were greater than 0.4. The finding of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed the presence of four components with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 67.682%. And the scree plot showed it was acceptable to retain four factors (emotional status, relationship with staff, first moments with the new born, and feelings at one month postpartum). In terms of the divergent validity, the QACE subscale and total score were in a significant positive correlations with the EPDS and GAD-7. Regarding the internal consistency reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha of the QACE total score was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844. Conclusion: The Chinese version of QACE is a relevant tool for measuring childbirth experience into the Chinese context with acceptable validity and stability.

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“…Several instruments have been developed to measure experience of care during the childbirth. Among these existing tools, are the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) [ 21 ], the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire version A and B (WDEQ-A and WDEQ-B) [ 22 , 23 ], which have been used by several researchers in China. The Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) Scale is however the most comprehensive multidimensional measure of women’s person-centered experiences during childbirth compared to these measures [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Person-Centered Maternity Care Scale

Zhong,

Hu,

Afulani

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Increasing evidence show that women across the world face unacceptable mistreatment during childbirth. Person-centered maternity care is fundamental and essential to quality of healthcare services. The aim of this study was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) Scale among Chinese postpartum women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1235 post-partum women in China. The cross-cultural adaptation process followed the Beaton intercultural debugging guidelines. A total of 1235 women were included to establish the psychometric properties of the PCMC. A demographic characteristics form and the PCMC were used for data collection. The psychometric properties of the PCMC were evaluated by examining item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, known-groups discriminant validity, and internal consistency. Results The number of extracted common factors was limited to three (dignity & respect, communication & autonomy, supportive care), explaining a total variance of 40.8%. Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half reliability of the full PCMC score were 0.989 and 0.852, respectively. Conclusions The Chinese version of the PCMC is a reliable and valid tool to assess person-centered care during childbirth in China.

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Fear of childbirth: Validation study of the Chinese version of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire version A

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth and its predictors among rural women in China

Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth and its predictors among rural women in China

Validation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE)

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Person-Centered Maternity Care Scale

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