Fear of childbirth and its determinants in pregnant women in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study

Zhang, Teng; Liu, Meilin; Min, Fanli; Wei, Wei; Liu, Yuan; Tong, Jiao; Meng, Qian; Sun, Lizhou; Chen, Xu

doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05070-7

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…were moderately and severely anxious. The statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.001 (less than 0.05), which means there is a significant relationship between gravida and the anxiety level of third-trimester pregnant women facing childbirth [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Determinants of Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Oktavika,

Maryani,

Asmariyah

et al. 2024

HESMED

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Pregnancy-related anxiety is a prevalent mental condition characterized by apprehension and fear about uncertain events. Several factors contribute to anxiety in pregnant women, including Age, education, gravidity, husband's support, and spiritual self-care. This research aims to identify the influencing factors on anxiety levels in third-trimester pregnant women facing the birthing process in Bengkulu City, utilizing a cross-sectional approach. Forty-four respondents were selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The findings reveal significant relationships between Age (p-value 0.012 < 0.05), education (p-value 0.018 < 0.05), gravidity (p-value 0.026 < 0.05), husband's support (p-value 0.038 < 0.05), and spiritual self-care (p-value 0.000 < 0.05) and anxiety levels. In conclusion, Age, gravidity, education, husband's support, and spiritual self-care are associated with the anxiety levels of third-trimester pregnant women facing the birthing process in Bengkulu City.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Another research by Ref. [26] shows that of the 23 primigravida respondents, six respondents (26.1%) were not anxious, ten respondents (43.5%) were mildly anxious, and seven respondents (30.4%) were moderately and severely anxious. Meanwhile, of the 71 multigravida respondents, 45 respondents (63.4%)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determinants of Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Oktavika,

Maryani,

Asmariyah

et al. 2024

HESMED

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“…The postpartum period is a critical, but often overlooked, period in the lives of new parents. According to the WHO, the majority of maternal and newborn deaths occur during this period, so proper management and care of parents and newborns is vitally important [11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the Physiology of the Postpartum Period After Caesarean Section

Kuravska,

Aravitska,

Churpiy

et al. 2024

Scientific and practical journal

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The main principle of perinatal obstetrics is to ensure the health of the mother, fetus and newborn, which in some cases requires quick and gentle delivery. Therefore, during the last decades, cesarean section (CS) in obstetric practice has become a tool that allows you to preserve the health of both the mother and the child. Despite its wide distribution, CS is classified as a category of complex operations with a high frequency of postoperative complications (3.3%-54.4%), which are associated with the intervention technique, obstetric and neonatal reasons. Potential structural and functional complications include: the risk of pulmonary, gastrointestinal and vascular complications; postoperative pain and discomfort; pelvic organ prolapse; posture change; pelvic floor dysfunction; weakness of the abdominal wall; diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles; umbilical hernia; general functional limitations. Scientific progress in medicine, social and cultural changes have led to fundamental transformations in the attitude to CS among women and doctors. In fact, the consensus regarding indications for caesarean section has changed in many countries, now including psychosocial factors such as anxiety about childbirth or the mother's desire for caesarean section in the absence of any medical indication. The postpartum period is a critical, but often overlooked, period in the lives of new parents. According to the WHO, the majority of maternal and newborn deaths occur during this period, so proper management and care of parents and newborns is vitally important. The postpartum period is usually divided into three separate but continuous phases: acute phase (early postpartum period) - 24 hours immediately after childbirth; subacute phase (late postpartum period): can last 2-6 weeks after childbirth; late phase - can last from 6 weeks to 6 months after childbirth. The postpartum period is characterized by a wide range of new states of women's life and increased sensitivity to external factors. The whole range of postnatal changes can be considered as an integrative combination of psychological, physiological and endocrine factors that affect the physical and mental activity of women, as well as determine their relationship with the child. Therefore, a caesarean section should be performed according to indications with a mandatory justification. The presence of a postoperative scar in women who underwent an abdominal delivery causes changes in the postpartum period in the form of a specific limitation of mobility during its formation. This aspect is all the more important from the point of view of the onset of future pregnancies, which requires the formation of a full-fledged elastic strong scar on the uterus and soft tissues. The formation of a scar in the postpartum period, in connection with the need for care and feeding of the child, changes as a result of sleep and rest regimes, additionally increases the metabolic, physical, psycho-emotional load, which causes pressure on the adaptive capabilities of the regulatory systems of the woman's body against the background of reconstruction and recovery structural and hormonal components. A woman's condition directly affects her ability to care for and raise a child, return to work and social activity, as well as the quality of life, both personally and within the framework of the environment. Therefore, certain recovery measures are necessary for their normalization as soon as possible.

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“…FOC can have severe consequences for maternal and infant health, including increased requests for cesarean sections, prolonged labor, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal distress, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, impaired mother-infant bonding, and breastfeeding difficulties [8][9][10]. FOC can reduce women's quality of life and satisfaction with childbirth, increase their stress, anxiety, and likelihood of postpartum depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and affect family relationships, future fertility intentions, and choice of mode of childbirth [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth and its predictors among rural women in China

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Fear of childbirth (FOC) can influence both maternal and child health. Research on FOC in China is scarce, especially on rural women. This study aimed to assess pre- and postpartum FOC and its predictors among Chinese rural women. Methods This was a prospective correlation study. A total of 569 women completed the prenatal questionnaire in the third trimester, and 477 of them completed the postpartum questionnaire within three days after childbirth. Maternal socio-demographic information, clinical information, childbirth self-efficacy and prenatal and postpartum FOC were investigated. FOC was evaluated using the Wijma Childbirth Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ). Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate linear regression analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The mean pre- and postpartum FOC scores were 64.5 (standard deviation: 25.1) and 64.3 (standard deviation: 23.9), respectively, with 20.8% of women reporting severe fear before childbirth and 18.2% after childbirth. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed predictors for higher levels of prenatal FOC including higher education level, nullipara, higher monthly household income, lower family support, and lower childbirth self-efficacy (p < 0.05) and the predictors for higher levels of postpartum FOC included unemployed status, lower childbirth self-efficacy, and higher prenatal FOC (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that higher childbirth self-efficacy reduced the likelihood of severe prenatal FOC (OR: 0.99, p < 0.001), while severe prenatal FOC increased the likelihood of severe postpartum FOC (OR: 3.57, p < 0.001). Conclusion The rural women have high levels of FOC before and after childbirth, with approximately 20% experiencing severe FOC during both periods. Higher education level, nullipara, higher monthly household income, lower family support, and lower childbirth self-efficacy are predictors of heightened prenatal FOC. Unemployed status, lower childbirth self-efficacy, and higher prenatal FOC are predictors of heightened postpartum FOC. Notably, enhancing childbirth self-efficacy emerges as crucial in mitigating severe prenatal FOC, while severe prenatal FOC significantly increases the likelihood of severe postpartum FOC. The development of targeted intervention strategies for the above factors can help reduce women’s FOC level and improve their overall pregnancy and childbirth experience.

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Fear of childbirth and its determinants in pregnant women in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Determinants of Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Determinants of Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Features of the Physiology of the Postpartum Period After Caesarean Section

Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth and its predictors among rural women in China

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