Fear conditioning in women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls: A preliminary study.

Lambert, Ellen; Treasure, Janet; Purves, Kirstin; McGregor, Thomas; Bergou, Nicol; Kan, Carol; Breen, Gerome; Eley, Thalia C.; Cardi, Valentina

doi:10.1037/abn0000549

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, the only significant interaction between group and emotion category was the one between the AN group and fear, suggesting that patients with AN are particularly impaired in the recognition of this emotion. This is consistent with previous evidence of greater impairments in specific emotions (Gramaglia et al, 2016;Leppanen et al, 2017) and with the relevance of fear in AN (Guarda et al, 2015;Lambert et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of emotion recognition ability and interpersonal emotional competence in anorexia nervosa: A study with a multimodal dynamic task

Martini

Marzola

Musso

et al. 2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Interpersonal difficulties are evidenced in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and are thought to contribute to disease onset and maintenance, however, research in the framework of emotional competence is currently limited. Previous studies have often only used static images for emotion recognition tasks, and evidence is lacking on the relationships between performance‐based emotional abilities and self‐reported intra‐ and interpersonal emotional traits. This study aimed to test multimodal dynamic emotion recognition ability in AN and analyze its correlation with the psychometric scores of self‐ and other‐related emotional competence. Method A total of 268 participants (128 individuals with AN and 140 healthy controls) completed the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test, the Profile of Emotional Competence, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and measures of general and eating psychopathology. Scores were compared between the two groups. Linear mixed effects models were utilized to examine the relationship between emotion recognition ability and self‐reported measures and clinical variables. Results Individuals with AN showed significantly poorer recognition of emotions of both negative and positive valence and significantly lower scores in all emotional competence dimensions. Beside emotion type and group, linear mixed models evidenced significant effects of interpersonal comprehension on emotion recognition ability. Discussion Individuals with AN show impairment in multimodal emotion recognition and report their difficulties accordingly. Notably, among all emotional competence dimensions, interpersonal comprehension emerges as a significant correlate to emotion recognition in others, and could represent a specific area of intervention in the treatment of individuals with AN. Public Significance In this study, we evidence that the ability to recognize the emotions displayed by others is related to the level of interpersonal emotional competence reported by individuals with anorexia nervosa. This result helps in understanding the social impairments in people with anorexia nervosa and could contribute to advancements in the application of the training of emotional competence in the treatment of this disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of emotion recognition ability and interpersonal emotional competence in anorexia nervosa: A study with a multimodal dynamic task

Martini

Marzola

Musso

et al. 2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Additionally, ketamine can facilitate extinction learning, which describes the process of a new memory being formed rather than an existing memory being modified; inhibitory learning is thought to antagonise the old memory [157]. Our team found preliminary evidence for generalised impairments in extinction learning in AN [158]. It is possible that ketamine may facilitate extinction learning against feared foods and food-related situations in patients with AN.…”

Section: Neuropsychologymentioning

confidence: 85%

Ketamine as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly complex disorder to treat, especially in severe and enduring cases. Whilst the precise aetiology of the disorder is uncertain, malnutrition and weight loss can contribute to reductions in grey and white matter of the brain, impairments in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis and difficulties with cognitive flexibility, memory and learning. Depression is highly comorbid in AN and may be a barrier to recovery. However, traditional antidepressants are often ineffective in alleviating depressive symptoms in underweight patients with AN. There is an urgent need for new treatment approaches for AN. This review gives a conceptual overview for the treatment of AN with ketamine. Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects, which are hypothesised to occur via increases in glutamate, with sequelae including increased neuroplasticity, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. This article provides an overview of the use of ketamine for common psychiatric comorbidities of AN and discusses particular safety concerns and side effects. Potential avenues for future research and specific methodological considerations are explored. Overall, there appears to be ample theoretical background, via several potential mechanisms, that warrant the exploration of ketamine as a treatment for adults with AN.

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“…Considering various theoretical accounts implicating associative learning in AN, empirical data exploring whether individuals with AN demonstrate altered associative learning are relatively sparse. Behavioral studies using classical conditioning paradigms have demonstrated conflicting findings, with some studies suggesting that, compared to healthy control groups, those with AN may learn disgust‐related associations more quickly or have trouble unlearning/updating fear‐ and disgust‐based associations (Hildebrandt et al, 2015; Lambert et al, 2021; Olatunji, 2020), but others finding no differences in how fear‐ and disgust‐based learning may proceed (Fyer et al, 2020; Lambert et al, 2021; Olatunji, 2020). One recent investigation identified distinct AN subgroups that accounted for heterogeneous performance on a fear learning task (learning “profiles”; Fyer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the role of associative learning in evidence‐based treatments for anorexia nervosa

Reilly,

Wierenga,

Le Grange

2024

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN) remain ineffective for many patients. Processes that can account for differential treatment outcomes remain mostly unknown. We propose that the field test the role of associative learning in current psychological treatments. We hold that this line of research could yield actionable information for understanding non‐response and improving long‐term outcomes. To make this argument, we define associative learning and outline its proposed role in understanding psychiatric disorders and their treatment. We then briefly review data exploring associative learning in AN. We argue that associative learning processes are implicitly implicated in existing treatments; by this rationale, baseline differences in learning may interfere with treatment response. Finally, we outline future research to test our hypotheses. Altogether, future research aimed at better understanding how associative learning may contribute to AN symptom persistence has the potential to inform novel directions in intervention research.Public SignificanceThere is a pressing need to improve outcomes in treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN). We propose that individual differences in associative learning—the ability to form and update associations between cues, contexts, behaviors, and outcomes—may account for differential response to existing treatments. Undertaking this research could provide an understanding of how current treatments work and inform new approaches for those who may be at risk of poor outcomes.

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Fear conditioning in women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls: A preliminary study.

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Association of emotion recognition ability and interpersonal emotional competence in anorexia nervosa: A study with a multimodal dynamic task

Association of emotion recognition ability and interpersonal emotional competence in anorexia nervosa: A study with a multimodal dynamic task

Ketamine as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review

Testing the role of associative learning in evidence‐based treatments for anorexia nervosa

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