Feammox process driven anaerobic ammonium removal of wastewater treatment under supplementing Fe(III) compounds

Zhu, Tingting; Lai, Wen-xia; Zhang, Yao-Bin; Liu, Yiwen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149965

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, the control of oxygen leakage should be addressed in further studies. Moreover, more dosage of Fe(III) may further improve the removal of nitrogen because the dosage was still comparatively low than most of the other studies (Park et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2019;Zhu et al, 2022). However, a high concentration of Fe(III) induced coagulation of activated sludge (Diamadopoulos et al, 2007).…”

Section: Demand For Fe(iii) For Oxidation Of Ammoniummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The bioreactor was operated with continuous influent and effluent at room temperature (20 • C−26 • C) after 200 ml of the anammox granular sludge was inoculated together with a dosage of 5 mM Fe(III) in the form of Fe 2 O 3 powder, which had the highest ammonium removal efficiency in Feammox batch tests using different Fe sources (Zhu et al, 2022). The stirring speed was 250 rpm.…”

Section: Reactor Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sawayama found that ammonium was oxidized to nitrite when ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Na-Fe(III) was dosed in the anaerobic digestion reactor of activated sludge and proposed the possibility of employing Feammox to remove aquatic nitrogen (Sawayama, 2006 ). Two recent studies showed that part of nitrogen was removed via Feammox when ferric hydroxide was used to improve the production of methane in the anaerobic digestion of activated sludge (Yang et al, 2018a ; Zhu et al, 2022 ). In the anammox process using nitrite as the electron acceptor (equation 4), Feammox also enhanced the oxidation of ammonium as Fe(III), which could also be used as an electron acceptor (Feng et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organic matter would inhibit the aerobic oxidation of ammonium because of the competition between organic matter and ammonium as electron donors (Jenni et al, 2014 ). A further study inoculated with similar seed sludge in a continuous-operating reactor showed that 53% of the influent ammonium was removed without COD while the removal efficiency decreased by 23% with COD (Zhu et al, 2022 ). Therefore, Feammox may be more suitable to remove ammonium from wastewater with a low C/N ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Achieving Ammonium Removal Through Anammox-Derived Feammox With Low Demand of Fe(III)

Cheng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Feammox-based nitrogen removal technology can reduce energy consumption by aeration and emission of carbon dioxide. However, the huge theoretical demand for Fe(III) becomes a challenge for the further development of Feammox. This study investigated an anammox-derived Feammox process with an intermittent dosage of Fe2O3 and proposed a novel approach to reduce the Fe(III) consumption. The results showed that anammox genera Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia in the seed anammox sludge significantly decreased after cultivation. The formation of N2 was the dominating pathway in Feammox while that of nitrite and nitrate could be neglected. Batch tests showed that specific Feammox activity of ammonium oxidation was 1.14–9.98 mg N/(g VSS·d). The maximum removal efficiency of ammonium reached 52.3% in the bioreactor with a low dosage of Fe(III) which was only 5.8% of the theoretical demand in Feammox. The removal of ammonium was mainly achieved through Feammox, while partial nitrification/anammox also played a role due to the non-power and unintentional oxygen leakage. The super-low oxygen also responded to the low demand of Fe(III) in the bioreactor because it could trigger the cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) by coupling Feammox and chemical oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Therefore, anammox-derived Feammox can achieve the removal of ammonium with low Fe(III) demand at super-low oxygen.

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Section: Demand For Fe(iii) For Oxidation Of Ammoniummentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Reactor Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Achieving Ammonium Removal Through Anammox-Derived Feammox With Low Demand of Fe(III)

Cheng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element on earth, occurring in different environments, typically in the redox states as Fe(II) (ferrous iron) and Fe(III) (ferric iron) [18]. This process, denominated Feammox (as anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction) [19,20], generates the process of anaerobic oxidation of NH 4 + coupled to the reduction of iron (Fe(III)) in the absence of oxygen, nitrate (NO 3 − ), or NO 2 − , which are required by annamox [21], as previously mentioned, and theoretically could occur abiotically or be microbially mediated [22]. In this reaction, Fe(III) is reduced to ferrous iron Fe(II), while NH 4 + is transformed to NO 2 − , nitrogen gas (N 2 ), or other forms of nitrogen as NO 3 − , with iron oxides [Ferric iron, Fe(III)] as the electron acceptor [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Removal by an Anaerobic Iron-Dependent Ammonium Oxidation (Feammox) Enrichment: Potential for Wastewater Treatment

Rodríguez

Cisternas

Serrano

et al. 2021

Water

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Nitrogen pollution in water is a growing concern. Anthropogenic activities have increased the amount of nitrogen released into watercourses, which harms human health and the environment, and causes serious problems, such as eutrophication. Feammox is a recently discovered biological pathway associated with the nitrogen cycle that has gained scientific interest. This process couples anaerobic ammonium oxidation with iron reduction. This work presents a study on the Feammox mechanism from the enrichment of an activated sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant. The enrichment was carried out at neutral pH to study the N2 pathway, that is, the Feammox process with the oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) directly to N2. In addition, different sources of iron were studied: iron chloride (FeCl3); ferrihydrite; and goethite. The characterization of the sludge showed the genes associated with ammonia monooxygenase, nitrate and nitrite reductases processes, along with relevant microbial species. The enrichment, carried out for 42 days and monitored every 14 days, showed that FeCl3 as a source of Fe was more effective for the coupled process of oxidation of NH4+ and the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). At the end of the enrichment period, a removal of 31% and 32.2% of NH4+, and an increase in Fe(II) concentration by 52.4 and 63.9 times regarding the initial value were achieved in aerobic and anaerobic sludge, respectively. This study provides information on the potential of Feammox in the removal of N from wastewater, and the oxidation/reduction yields in the initial enrichment phase.

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A review on new ammonium oxidation alternatives for effective nitrogen removal from wastewater

Zhao

Feng

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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As a highly oxidizing ion, ammonium (NH4+) is easily reduced by other reducing substances. Recently, NH4+ oxidation coupled with Fe3+, SO42−, and Mn4+ reduction (i.e., Feammox, Sulfammox, and Mnammox) has been confirmed and their collaborative roles in removing NH4+ have been revealed in several studies. However, only limited knowledge could be obtained on observed interactions with several variable parameters due to the exiguous research in this field, which makes it challenging to draw basic and mechanistic conclusions. This review focuses on these new NH4+ oxidation alternatives and provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of recent advances in these processes. Specifically, based on the summaries of their reaction conditions, nine influencing factors (including microorganisms, concentrations of reactants, pH, redox potential, temperature, organic carbon, oxygen concentration, salinity, and inhibitory substances) are discussed in detail. Then, the drawbacks of the three processes are pointed out. The results show that, at present, the practical engineering applications for NH4+ removal are not suitable due to their harsh reaction conditions and low removal efficiency. Finally, suggestions for further research on these processes are presented to inspire more interest from researchers in related fields and to promote and realize their large‐scale engineering application in the near future. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Feammox process driven anaerobic ammonium removal of wastewater treatment under supplementing Fe(III) compounds

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Achieving Ammonium Removal Through Anammox-Derived Feammox With Low Demand of Fe(III)

Achieving Ammonium Removal Through Anammox-Derived Feammox With Low Demand of Fe(III)

Nitrogen Removal by an Anaerobic Iron-Dependent Ammonium Oxidation (Feammox) Enrichment: Potential for Wastewater Treatment

A review on new ammonium oxidation alternatives for effective nitrogen removal from wastewater

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