Fe3O4 nano assembly embedded in 2D-crumpled porous carbon sheets for high energy density supercapacitor

Synthetic Methodologies and Energy Storage/Conversion Applications of Porous Carbon Nanosheets: A Systematic Review

“…The direct utilization of a carbon precursor to prepare 2D PCNS without using a structure-directing agent (template) offers a facile synthetic route to avoid precursor deposition and subsequent template removal steps. Recently, biomass-derived PCNS have gained tremendous interest in energy storage/conversion fields ,− due to the environmentally friendly raw materials. − Researchers have successfully prepared 2D PCNS using biomass resources as precursors such as wheat straw, , starch, coconut shell, hemp, inner shaddock skins, walnut shells, dried poplar branches, and garlic husk through a chemical activation method. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is the common chemical activation reagent.…”

“…The garlic husk was activated with KOH and then pyrolyzed to fabricate 2D-CCS, while Fe 3 O 4 @2D-CCS were obtained through mixing of the garlic husk with ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O) (5 mmol) and sodium acetate (CH 3 COONa) (50 mmol) and propylene glycol solutions followed by pyrolization. The presence of 2D-CCS causes the nucleation of Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals ( < 20 nm) to form pomegranate-like clusters (200 nm) resulting in the formation of conglomerates on the 2D-CCS . Zhao et al reported direct production of PCNS from waste litchi shells through a simple KOH activation method.…”

“…Another simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of PCNS is the molten salt route . Venkateswarlu et al fabricated N-doped PCNS using terephthalaldehyde and melamine as carbon precursors in molten salt through a Schiff-base reaction . The highest nitrogen content (30.51%) was recorded for the fabricated PCNS compared to other N-doped carbon materials.…”

In situ synthesis of nanostructured Fe3O4@TiO2 composite grown on activated carbon cloth as a binder-free electrode for high performance supercapacitors

“…The characteristic peaks of Fe2p at 710.8 and 724.4 eV correspond to the spin-orbit peaks of Fe2p 3/2 and Fe2p 1/2 , which is in good agreement with previous reports. 36,37 Two satellite signals of Fe2p 3/2 and Fe2p 1/2 peaks were observed at the same time, which can be attributed to the oxidation states of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ in Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. 38,39 Two strong peaks of rutile type crystals are shown in the Ti2p spectra (Fig.…”

Advances in pseudocapacitive and battery-like electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors

“…Iron oxides (FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , and Fe 3 O 4 ) have generated a great deal of research interest in energy storage applications due to their high theoretical capacity, easy availability, and low cost. [139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156] However, it has been observed that FeO is unstable and hard to isolate, and for these reasons, mainly Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 have been considered for SC applications. These oxides have been synthesized in different morphologies, including nanowires, nanoparticles, thin lms, nanorods, nanotubes, microspheres, etc.…”