Fe³⁺-Coordination mediated synergistic dual-network conductive hydrogel as a sensitive and highly-stretchable strain sensor with adjustable mechanical properties

Abstract

Flexible strain sensors are attracting enormous attention due to their high stretchability and sensitivity that are required for wearable devices and electronic skin. However, diverse application environments require materials whose...

Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review

“…The hydrophilic hydrogel is soaked in a conductive monomer solution to allow the monomer to sufficiently diffuse inside the porous structure of the hydrogel and then the favoured network is generated by oxidative polymerizing of CPs. 86,87 Lu's group 83 designed a tough and conductive PPy-PAM/chitosan (PPy-PAM/CS) hydrogel by employing the CS framework as molecular templates to control the in situ formation of PPy nanorods within the hydrogel networks (Fig. 3a).…”

“…This structure is called a CP nanocomposite hydrogel, which generally possesses better interactions between the hydrophilic polymer matrix and CPs, thus enhancing the mechanical properties; 123,124 (iii) doublenetwork CPHs by composing the interconnected CPs and insulting polymer networks. The first network usually is a hydrophilic flexible matrix and hosts the polymerization of a conductive second network, 86,125 which is a crosslinked, modestly stretched network acting as an electronic transfer pathway. 126…”

“…Because of the efficient energy dissipation, the CPH achieved good mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 27.9 MPa, a tensile strength of 5.3 MPa, and an elongation at break of 250%. Tang’ group 86 developed a synergistic dual network hydrogel PANI-P(AAm- co -AA)@Fe 3+ composed of an iron-coordinated poly(AAm- co -AA) network and a conductive PANI network with adjustable mechanical properties and high sensitivity (Fig. 7c).…”

Sustainable and Tough MXene Hydrogel Based on Interlocked Structure for Multifunctional Sensing

“…Conductive hydrogels are strong candidates for flexible electronic skins based on their high flexibility, outstanding sensitivity, rapid sensing time, wide working range, and excellent environmental stability. − A conductive hydrogel is composed of two parts: hydrogel matrix and conductive fillers, which include carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and metal materials . Carbon materials usually have a high specific surface area with inherent hydrophobicity and poor solubility; , the conductive polymer has high conductivity with expensive costs; , as we all know, the variety of metal materials is rich, but it faces high working voltage . MXene (M n + 1 X n T x ( n = 1–4)) is a two-dimensional metallic carbonitride with high electrical conductivity, which is regarded as a potential conductive filler in conductive hydrogels due to its excellent mechanical property and conductivity, wide superficial area, and brilliant hydrophilicity .…”

A Hollow Core‐Sheath Composite Fiber Based on Polyaniline/Polyurethane: Preparation, Properties, and Multi‐Model Strain Sensing Performance

“…The emerging field of flexible electronics subverts the rigidness and clumsiness of traditional electronic devices, allowing electronic products to maintain their performance under deformations of stretching, bending, folding and compression. The discipline of flexible electronics integrates different material systems (such as organic electronic materials, [ 1 ] inorganic semiconductor materials, [ 2 ] metal nanomaterials, [ 3,4 ] conductive polymer materials, [ 5,6 ] and carbon materials [ 7–9 ] ) and different functional devices (including flexible energy supplies, [ 10 ] flexible sensing devices, [ 11 ] flexible actuators, [ 12 ] flexible interconnects, [ 13 ] flexible substrates, [ 14 ] and flexible wireless transmission units [ 15 ] ). The key device that can convert external stimuli (strain, [ 16 ] temperature, [ 17 ] humidity, [ 18 ] body fluid, [ 19 ] ambient gas, [ 20 ] bioelectricity, [ 21 ] etc.)…”