Fe, Mn Content in Water of Non-Centralized Water Supply in the Tyumen Urban Agglomeration

Abstract

The article presents an approach that could be adapted for other regions or serve as an illustration of local geological anomalies. The methodology included analysis of Fe and Mn content, pH, total hardness and permanganate index of 159 water samples collected from the Tyumen urban agglomeration. These parameters were compared with published data on water composition from other regions of Russia. It was found that the tap water from the Tyumen urban agglomeration has a predominantly neutral pH (5-8); the average content of organic matter (according to permanganate index) is less than 5 ppm) in all considered objects. The average water hardness does not exceed the permissible values (6 ppm); the calculated Ca2+ - Mg2+ contents are 75 and 45 mg-eq/l respectively. The average concentration of iron in water from non-centralized water supply sources and private wells within the Tyumen agglomeration is 1.9 MPC (maximum permissible concentration), while manganese levels are at 1.2 MPC. The LCIA method was used to assess the impact of Fe and Mn on freshwater ecosystems. An increased risk of non-cancerous health effects in the population utilizing well water for drinking purposes was identified, due to high concentrations of iron.