Abstract:Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to appraise the influence and challenges of direct disinvestment or through foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Kingdom of Bhutan, particularly to identify the inflow of disinterment post pandemic and how it can be improved.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors investigated the influence of FDI on Bhutan’s economy by analyzing secondary published data by Asian Development Bank and government agencies of Bhutan. To find out the role FDI has played in the growth of th… Show more
“…This implies that FDI is a source of ecosystem innovations and energy efficiency which further shifts industrial structure to sustainable path in developing nations (Doytch & Narayan, 2015). However, according to Ansari and Khan (2023), this prediction depends on the environmental protection policy of the host nations and the level of quality institutions (Dada et al, 2021). Kuznets (1955) predicts the relationship between environmental and economic variables by using economic growth and environmental pollutions for its explanations.…”
The growth of the China‐African economic relationship has received much attention among the scholars. Africa and China have experienced cooperation in the areas of foreign direct investment, cross‐border trade, and foreign aids. While this economic relationship has been viewed to contribute to the development of African nations, some scholars are of the opinion that it is a new practice in imperialism. Surprisingly, none of these scholars has examined the environmental effect of Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) in African regions. On this note, this study investigates how Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) has altered environmental conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The study uses the pooled mean group panel estimation procedure to control for short‐run heterogeneity and long‐run homogeneity in the absence of cross‐sectional dependence for the period 2003–2020, focusing on 22 countries in the region that have seen a substantial increase in foreign investment from China. CFDI is shown to decrease CO2 emissions in the long term, lending credence to the pollution halo hypothesis. Furthermore, short‐term averages show that CFDI increases CO2 emissions, lending credence to the pollution haven hypothesis. However, the short‐term results showed substantial variation on how CFDI affects CO2 emissions. The research shows that short‐term CFDI is associated with reduction in CO2 emissions in Burundi and Rwanda but increases them in the Congo Republic, Gabon, and South Africa. Some policy suggestions based on the results are offered.
“…This implies that FDI is a source of ecosystem innovations and energy efficiency which further shifts industrial structure to sustainable path in developing nations (Doytch & Narayan, 2015). However, according to Ansari and Khan (2023), this prediction depends on the environmental protection policy of the host nations and the level of quality institutions (Dada et al, 2021). Kuznets (1955) predicts the relationship between environmental and economic variables by using economic growth and environmental pollutions for its explanations.…”
The growth of the China‐African economic relationship has received much attention among the scholars. Africa and China have experienced cooperation in the areas of foreign direct investment, cross‐border trade, and foreign aids. While this economic relationship has been viewed to contribute to the development of African nations, some scholars are of the opinion that it is a new practice in imperialism. Surprisingly, none of these scholars has examined the environmental effect of Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) in African regions. On this note, this study investigates how Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) has altered environmental conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The study uses the pooled mean group panel estimation procedure to control for short‐run heterogeneity and long‐run homogeneity in the absence of cross‐sectional dependence for the period 2003–2020, focusing on 22 countries in the region that have seen a substantial increase in foreign investment from China. CFDI is shown to decrease CO2 emissions in the long term, lending credence to the pollution halo hypothesis. Furthermore, short‐term averages show that CFDI increases CO2 emissions, lending credence to the pollution haven hypothesis. However, the short‐term results showed substantial variation on how CFDI affects CO2 emissions. The research shows that short‐term CFDI is associated with reduction in CO2 emissions in Burundi and Rwanda but increases them in the Congo Republic, Gabon, and South Africa. Some policy suggestions based on the results are offered.
This chapter explores the impact of job insecurity on psychological well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter is based on empirical study measuring the six elements of job insecurity on psychological wellbeing, i.e., perceived threats to job features, role insecurity, role conflict, powerfulness, meaningfulness, and perceived threats to total job. Further, this chapter the role of HR analytics in ensuring psychological wellbeing and job security, with a focus on the lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. highlights the importance of HR analytics in identifying and addressing employee needs related to psychological wellbeing and job security, and explores the ways in which HR analytics can be used to improve organizational decision-making and drive business outcomes. This chapter also briefly highlights the emerging practices, and the ways modern digital technologies can be harnessed for the betterment of the employees.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.