FDG-PET/CT Limitations in the Diagnosis of Spinal Implant Infection

Bolander, Frida Cecilia; Åkerlund, Börje; Axelsson, Rimma

doi:10.17756/micr.2019-029

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…14 A case report by Bolander et al also described a case of a false-negative 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with an implant-associated infection with C. acnes. 24 Consequently, a negative PET/CT cannot rule out confidently low-grade SSI prior to pseudarthrosis revision in presumed aseptic patients. We believe that 18 F-FDG PET/CT should be reserved to cases when SSI is suspected by clinical examination and/or laboratory tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT to Identify Occult Infection in Presumed Aseptic Pseudarthrosis after Spinal Fusion: Correlation with Intraoperative Cultures

El Yaagoubi,

Lioret,

Thomas

et al. 2024

World J Nucl Med

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Objective Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has gained attention as an emerging tool in case of suspicion of infection on spine, whether native or instrumented. However, the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in clinically occult low-grade surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal fusion, an important risk factor for pseudarthrosis, remains unknown. Methods We retrospectively identified all the presumed aseptic patients with pseudarthrosis confirmed by revision surgery who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans performed between April 2019 and November 2022. These patients were presumed aseptic because they did not have clinical signs or laboratory tests suggestive of SSI, preoperatively. The PET/CT images were analyzed in consensus by two nuclear medicine physicians blinded to the clinical, biological, and imaging information. Visual assessment of increased uptake around cage/intervertebral disk space (and/or hardware) higher than background recorded from the first normal adjacent vertebra was interpreted as positive. Image data were also quantitatively analyzed by the maximum standardized uptake value as an index of 18F-FDG uptake, and the ratio between the uptake around cage/intervertebral disk space (and/or hardware) and background recorded from the first normal adjacent vertebra was calculated. The final diagnosis of infection was based on intraoperative cultures obtained during pseudarthrosis revision surgery. Results Thirty-six presumed aseptic patients with surgically confirmed pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Cultures of samples from revisions found that 20 patients (56%) were infected. The most frequent isolated bacterium was Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in 15 patients (75%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in 7 patients (33%). Two patients had co-infections involving both C. acnes and CNS. Of the 36 PET/CT studied in this study, 12 scans were true-negative, 10 true-positive, 10 false-negative, and 4 false-positive. This resulted in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 50%, 75%, 71%, 55%, and 61%, respectively. Conclusion In presumed aseptic pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion, 18F-FDG PET/CT offers good specificity (75%) but low sensitivity (50%) to identify occult SSI. The high prevalence (56%) of SSI, mostly caused by C. acnes (75%), found in our presumed aseptic cohort of patients supports the utility of systematic intraoperative cultures in revision cases for pseudarthrosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 14 A case report by Bolander et al also described a case of a false-negative 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with an implant-associated infection with C. acnes . 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%