FcγRIIa (CD32) Polymorphism and Onchocercal Skin Disease: Implications for the Development of Severe Reactive Onchodermatitis (ROD)

Ali, Muslim; ElGhazali, Gehad; Montgomery, Scott; Farouk, Salah E.; Noori, Suzan I. A.; Shamad, Mahdi; Fadlelseed, Omar E.; Berzins, Klavs

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.1074

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Onchocercal skin lesions (OSLs) have been reported to increase with a corresponding increase with age [117,118] (see Table 3). OSLs are associated with negative psychosocial, physical, and economic burdens.…”

Section: Onchocercal Skin Lesions Among the Elderly Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role?

et al. 2021

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One of the most debilitating consequences of aging is the progressive decline in immune function, known as immunosenescence. This phenomenon is characterized by a shift in T-cell phenotypes, with a manifest decrease of naive T-cells—dealing with newly encountered antigens—and a concomitant accumulation of senescent and regulatory T-cells, leading to a greater risk of morbidity and mortality in older subjects. Additionally, with aging, several studies have unequivocally revealed an increase in the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection. Most lymphatic complications, skin and eye lesions due to onchocerciasis are more frequent among the elderly population. While the reasons for increased susceptibility to onchocerciasis with age are likely to be multi-factorial, age-associated immune dysfunction could play a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that infection with onchocerciasis may evoke deleterious effects on the host’s immunity and exacerbate immune dysfunction. Indeed, Onchocerca volvulus has been reported to counteract the immune responses of the host through molecular mimicry by impairing T-cell activation and interfering with the processing of antigens. Moreover, reports indicate impaired cellular and humoral immune responses even to non-parasite antigens in onchocerciasis patients. This diminished protective response may intensify the immunosenescence outcomes, with a consequent vulnerability of those affected to additional diseases. Taken together, this review is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the immunological and potential pathological mechanisms of onchocerciasis in the older population.

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Section: Onchocercal Skin Lesions Among the Elderly Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role?

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, this comparison could be misleading. Indeed, sowda is relatively rare compared to GEO, it is geographically confined, and it has been correlated with specific genetic polymorphisms (2,31). Sowda is characterized by strong Th2 cytokine responses, high levels of anti-O.…”

Section: Immune Responses and Pathogenesis Of Onchocerciasis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The female worms that were still alive at the time of nodulectomy (extirpation of the onchocercomata) were sterile. (1) activates resident cells, including fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and macrophages (2). These cells produce chemokines MIP-2 and predominantly KC (3).…”

Section: Human Field Trials With Antiwolbachial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onchocerciasis: the Role of Wolbachia Bacterial Endosymbionts in Parasite Biology, Disease Pathogenesis, and Treatment

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY The discovery of Wolbachia intracellular bacteria within filarial nematodes, including Onchocerca volvulus , the causative agent of onchocerciasis or “river blindness,” has delivered a paradigm shift in our understanding of the parasite's biology, to where we now know that the bacterial endosymbionts are essential for normal development of larvae and embryos and may support the long-term survival of adult worms. The apparent mutualistic dependency has also offered a novel approach to the treatment of onchocerciasis through the use of antibiotics to eliminate Wolbachia , delivering for the first time a treatment which has significant macrofilaricidal efficacy. Studies with other filarial nematode species have also highlighted a role for Wolbachia in transmission and infection of the mammalian host through a fascinating manipulation of mast cell-mediated vasodilation to enhance infectivity of vector-borne larvae. Wolbachia has also been identified as the principal driver of innate and adaptive Th1 inflammatory immunity, which can either contribute to disease pathogenesis or, with the Wolbachia -mediated recruitment of mast cells, enhance infectivity. The Wolbachia activation of innate inflammation also drives inflammatory adverse events in response to chemotherapy with either diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin. In this review we summarize the experimental and field trial data which have uncovered the importance of Wolbachia symbiosis in onchocerciasis.

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“…There is a spectrum of immune response to infection, with some infected persons showing a minimal immune response to parasite antigens, allowing the proliferation of microfilariae in the absence of clinical symptoms, while others have an intact and symptomatic immune response [38]. An immunogenetic basis for this clinical spectrum has been suggested [29;39;40] and differing isotypic antibody responses [30] and cellular immune responses [31;41–45] may play a role. The endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia are essential for the pathogenesis of O .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-control relationship of onchocercal skin disease with onchocercal infection in Guinea Savanna, Northern Nigeria

Murdoch

Evans

et al. 2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundOnchocerca volvulus infection can result in blindness, itching and skin lesions. Previous research concentrated on blindness.MethodsA clinical classification system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis was used for the first time in this study within the context of an early ivermectin drug trial in the savanna region of Kaduna State, northern Nigeria. Skin examinations were performed in 6,790 individuals aged 5+ years in endemic communities and 1,343 individuals in nonendemic communities.Results / DiscussionThere was increased risk for all forms of onchocercal skin disease in endemic communities with the most common finding being the presence of nodules (1,438 individuals, 21.2%), followed by atrophy (367, 6.1% of those < 50 years), acute papular onchodermatitis, APOD (233, 3.4%), depigmentation (216, 3.2%) and chronic papular onchodermatitis, CPOD (155, 2.3%). A further 645 individuals (9.5%) complained of pruritus but had completely normal skin. APOD was more common in males whereas atrophy, hanging groin and nodules were more common in females. After controlling for age and sex, microfilarial positivity was a risk factor for CPOD, depigmentation, hanging groin and nodules (OR 1.54, p = 0.046; OR 2.29, p = 0.002; OR 2.18, p = 0.002 and OR 3.80, p <0.001 respectively). Comparable results were found using presence of nodules as the marker for infection. Microfilarial load showed similar, though weaker, results. A total of 2621(38.6%) endemic residents had itching with normal skin, or had one or more types of onchocercal skin disease including nodules, which may be considered as a composite index of the overall prevalence of onchocercal skin disease.ConclusionSignificant levels of onchocercal skin disease were documented in this savanna area, which subsequently resulted in a reassessment of the true burden of skin disease in onchocerciasis. This paper represents the first detailed report of the association of onchocercal skin disease with markers for onchocercal infection.

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FcγRIIa (CD32) Polymorphism and Onchocercal Skin Disease: Implications for the Development of Severe Reactive Onchodermatitis (ROD)

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role?

Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role?

Onchocerciasis: the Role of Wolbachia Bacterial Endosymbionts in Parasite Biology, Disease Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Pre-control relationship of onchocercal skin disease with onchocercal infection in Guinea Savanna, Northern Nigeria

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