FB-TCP: A 5G mmWave Friendly TCP for Urban Deployments

Abstract

5G era opens a new horizon toward communication with new features and capabilities. The new mobile generation comes up with a multi-gigabit per second data rate along with its huge available bandwidths provided by millimeter-wave frequency bands. Dispensing a fully connected world throughout low latency is the supreme aim for 5G networks. However, attaining high-speed, reliable communication is challenging in the new generation, especially in scenarios with numerous obstacles such as the urban one. As the frequency rises, the signal's penetration power declines, which can mislead TCP in adjusting the sending rate because TCP cannot distinguish that a packet drop in a network is due to congestion or other shortcomings of the network such as blockage or random packet drops. This paper proposes a new TCP based on Fuzzy logic, which strives to prevent performance reduction in urban deployments. The Fuzzy rules are implemented in the congestion avoidance phase of the new protocol to adjust the sending rate intelligently and prevent blockage impacts. The ultimate aim of the protocol is to control the sending rate based on the current situation of the network so it can attain the highest possible performance. Moreover, it tries to reach its goal through low latency and keep the average sending rate as small as possible to restrain the buffer exhaustion. The extensive conducted simulations showed that the newly proposed protocol could attain higher performance compared to BBR, HighSpeed, Cubic, and NewReno in terms of throughput, RTT, and sending rate adjustment in the urban scenario.

Toward the Implementation of MPTCP Over mmWave 5G and Beyond: Analysis, Challenges, and Solutions

“…Furthermore, like the scheduler, beyond end-to-end parameters can be applied to make the functionality of the MPTCP congestion control component more robust. [1], [3], [62] 5G practical deployment [5] Mobility issues [12] Fairness enhancement [8], [13] Comprehensive analysis [15], [76] Urban deployment analysis [9], [10] [11] + Highspeed scenario [63] In disastrous situations [64] Commercial deployment [69] Urban deployment enhancement [4], [6], [67] This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access. This is the author's version which has not been fully edited and…”

“…One of the most paramount schemes that has attracted intense attention in recent years is using subsets of AI (Artificial Intelligence) such as machine learning [68] to improve the functionality of TCP over 5G mmWave networks. Briefly mentioning the state-of-the-art algorithms, FB-TCP (Fuzzy Based-TCP) [69] is a newly presented TCP that could achieve higher throughput and acceptable latencies than conventional TCPs in urban deployments using fuzzy rules. DL (Deep Learning) is another part of the AI that has been used in new TCPs such as DL-TCP (Deep-Learning-Based TCP) [63], which was suggested for disastrous situations when a UE and a gNB cannot establish a proper connection because of the collapsed buildings or trees.…”

Deep learning-based TCP congestion control algorithm for disaster 5G environment

“…The most popular transport layer technology, TCP, affects by considerable performance decrement due to the fast-varying wireless environment of the 5G transmission. This study presents a congestion-controlling method that assures adequate performance in 5G systems without significantly impairing TCP fairness [16]. The recommended approach, a version of the high connectivity structure, Scalable TCP (S-TCP), delivers a more dependable efficiency than the available congestion control technique in 5G environments with only minor tweaks.…”

Next-generation network transmission control protocol based on deep learning

“…The NewReno tra c control strategy is one of the standard ones in the majority of telecommunication architectures. When in the proactive routing phase, NewReno detects connection problems by three duplicated acknowledgements (ACKs) and increases its congested window (CWND) by 1/CWND for every ACK of the CWND that is received [19].…”