FB-CCNN: A Filter Bank Complex Spectrum Convolutional Neural Network with Artificial Gradient Descent Optimization

Abstract

The brain–computer interface (BCI) provides direct communication between human brains and machines, including robots, drones and wheelchairs, without the involvement of peripheral systems. BCI based on electroencephalography (EEG) has been applied in many fields, including aiding people with physical disabilities, rehabilitation, education and entertainment. Among the different EEG-based BCI paradigms, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCIs are known for their lower training requirements, high classification accuracy and high information transfer rate (ITR). In this article, a filter bank complex spectrum convolutional neural network (FB-CCNN) was proposed, and it achieved leading classification accuracies of 94.85 ± 6.18% and 80.58 ± 14.43%, respectively, on two open SSVEP datasets. An optimization algorithm named artificial gradient descent (AGD) was also proposed to generate and optimize the hyperparameters of the FB-CCNN. AGD also revealed correlations between different hyperparameters and their corresponding performances. It was experimentally demonstrated that FB-CCNN performed better when the hyperparameters were fixed values rather than channel number-based. In conclusion, a deep learning model named FB-CCNN and a hyperparameter-optimizing algorithm named AGD were proposed and demonstrated to be effective in classifying SSVEP through experiments. The hyperparameter design process and analysis were carried out using AGD, and advice on choosing hyperparameters for deep learning models in classifying SSVEP was provided.

A Convolutional Neural Network for SSVEP Identification by Using a Few-Channel EEG

“…On the other hand, the decoding model was enhanced by combining multiple modules in this study. In SSVEP recognition, the filter bank technique is proven to be a simple and effective strategy to enhance decoding methods, both for traditional methods [ 20 , 49 ] and deep learning methods [ 27 , 28 , 43 , 48 , 50 ], because the filter bank technique takes advantage of the harmonic characteristics of SSVEP. It is believed that the filter bank technique will have similar effects on atten-CCNN, so we plan to apply this technique to atten-CCNN to further improve its performance.…”