Favourable one-year ART outcomes in adult Malawians with hepatitis B and C co-infection

Moore, Elizabeth; Beadsworth, Mike; Chaponda, Mas; Mhango, Brian; Faragher, Brian; Njala, Joseph; Hofland, Helma W. C.; Davies, Julia; Hart, Ian; Beeching, Nicholas J.; Zijlstra, Eduard E.; Oosterhout, Joep J. van

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.04.009

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…These findings also concur in studies done in Zambia (2.2%), Gambia (0.6%) and Cote d’voire (1.2%) [28,29,30]. However, higher rates of HIV/HCV coinfection are reported in studies done in Nigeria (4.8%) and Malawi (5.7%) [31,32, 33]. Only two samples were found to be co-infected with HIV-1/HBV/HCV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses coinfection is common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to similar routes of transmission and high levels of poverty. Most studies on HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses have occurred in hospital settings and blood transfusion units. Data on Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV-1 coinfection in informal urban settlements in Kenya are scanty, yet they could partly explain the disproportionately high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infections in these slums.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in urban slums in Nairobi.MethodsBlood samples were collected from residents of Viwandani and Korogocho between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data from participants. Samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV and anti-HIV-1. Statistical analysis was done using STATA.ResultsSamples were successfully collected from 418 (32%) men and 890 (68%) females. The HIV-1, HBV and HCV prevalence was 20.4%, 13.3% and 0.76% respectively at the time of the study. Of the 268 (20.4%) HIV-1 positive participants, 56 (4.26%) had HBV while 6 (0.46%) had HCV. Of the 1041 HIV-1 negative participants, 117 (8.9%) had HBV while 4 (0.31%) had HCV. Only two people (0.15%) were co-infected with all the three viruses together.DiscussionThe odds of getting hepatitis infection were higher in HIV-1 participants (for HBV OR 2.08,p<0.005 and for HCV OR 5.93, p<0.005). HIV prevalence rates were similar in both informal settlements. HIV infection was highest in age group 35-39 years and among the divorced/separated or widowed. Prevalence of all viruses was highest in those who did not have any formal education.ConclusionThe HIV prevalence in these informal settlements suggests a higher rate than what is observed nationally. The prevalence rates of HBV are significantly higher in the HIV-1 positive and negative populations. HCV as well as triple HIV-1, HBV and HCV coinfection are uncommon in Korogocho and Viwandani. This clearly indicates the need for HIV-1 control programmes and hepatitis B virus vaccination to be promoted through public awareness as preventive strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

et al. 2015

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“…The rate of VF was 15.6 events/100 person-years; 95% CI 14.6–16.7 overall. VF by HBV status was higher in the chronic HB status group (23.5 events/ 100 person-years; 95% CI 17.9–30.3) over the years of follow up as compared to the isolated, resolved and HB negative status groups (18.8 events per 100 person-years; 95% CI 14.4–24, 18.5 events per 100 person-years; 95% CI 16.3–21, and 13.7 events per 100 person-years; 95% CI 12.6–15, respectively) (data not shown). Predictors of VF in adjusted analyses however, did not show a significant difference by HB status, suggesting the association was confounded by other factors (see Table 3, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which demonstrates predictors of VF).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Other studies have shown coinfected individuals are less likely to achieve virologic suppression (VS) as compared to HIV monoinfected individuals [25–26]. Recent studies have for the most part failed to show a substantial impact of HBV coinfection on immunologic or HIV virologic responses to ART [21,24,27]. Idoko et al, however, found a lower proportion of HBeAg positive individual s achieving HIV virologic suppression at 24 weeks as compared to HBeAg negative or HIV mono-infected individuals, but the findings were not seen at 48 weeks [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Outcomes in Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Individuals on HAART

Chun

Mesner

Thio

et al. 2014

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Understanding the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on HIV outcomes in the HAART era continues to be a critical priority given the high prevalence of coinfection and the potential for impaired immunologic, virologic and clinical recovery. Methods Participants from the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study with an HIV diagnosis, on HAART and serologically confirmed HBV infection status at HAART initiation (HI) were classified into four HBV infection (HB) groups. HIV virologic, immunologic, and clinical outcomes were evaluated by HB status. Results Of 2536 HIV positive HAART recipients, with HBV testing results available to determine HB status in the HI window, HB status at HI was classified as HB negative (n=1505; 66%), resolved HB (n=518; 23%); isolated HBcAb (n=139; 6%) or; chronic HB (n=131; 6%). HIV virologic suppression and failure at 6 months or 1 year were not significantly different by HB status. A significantly faster rate of increase in CD4 cell count during the period between 4 and 12 years was observed for chronic HB relative to HB negative. Chronic and resolved HB were associated with an increased risk of AIDS/death compared to HB negative individuals (chronic HB; HR=1.68; 95% CI 1.05–2.68, resolved HB; HR=1.61; 95% CI 1.15–2.25). Conclusions HB status did not have a significant impact on HIV virologic outcomes, however, CD4 cell count reconstitution post HI and the risk of an AIDS event or death post HI may be associated with HB status.

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“…Individuals were reported to have transferred out of only six cohorts included in the review and, in each case, such individuals were excluded from the intention-to-treat estimate of viral suppression. 21,24,25,38,46,48,49 However, only two of the reports included in the review specifically stated that no patient had transferred out. 44,53 For the other 19 cohorts with intentionto-treat estimates of viral suppression, no data on transfers out were presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral suppression after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

McMahon

Elliott

Bertagnolio

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

121

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Favourable one-year ART outcomes in adult Malawians with hepatitis B and C co-infection

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

HIV Outcomes in Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Individuals on HAART

Viral suppression after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

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