Favipiravir in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is it Worth it?

Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber; Moubarak, Mohamed; Shaheen, Hazem M.; Zakariya, Ali Muhammad; Usman, Ibe Michael; Rauf, Abdur; Adhikari, Achyut; Dey, Abhijit; Αλεξίου, Αθανάσιος; Hetta, Helal F; Al-Gareeb, Ali I; Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M

doi:10.2174/1386207325666220414111840

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Management of Covid‐19 patients is largely supportive and symptomatic relief since specific anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 was not yet developed despite the development of effective vaccines 11 . Notably, many repurposed agents like remdesivir and favipiravir were encompassed in diverse therapeutic protocols in the management of Covid‐19 11,12 . These agents did not fashion actual therapeutic eradication of SARS‐CoV‐2, and enduring for novel anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents is a type of challenge nowadays 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Alomair

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to the global pandemic worldwide. Systemic complications in Covid-19 are mainly related to the direct SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects, associated hyperinflammation, hypercytokinemia, and the development of cytokine storm (CS). As well, Covid-19 complications are developed due to the propagation of oxidative and thrombotic events which may progress to a severe state called oxidative storm and thrombotic storm (TS), respectively. In addition, inflammatory and lipid storms are also developed in Covid-19 due to the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of bioactive lipids correspondingly. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to elucidate the interrelated relationship between different storm types in Covid-19 and the development of the mixed storm (MS). In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces various storm types including CS, inflammatory storm, lipid storm, TS and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the MS seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid-19 than CS,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Alomair

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…Besides, placental hypoxic-ischemic injury induced by high circulating AngII may cause vasoconstriction and disruption of the placental function [ 72 ]. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy may increase the risk of new-onset gestational DM development through injury of pancreatic β -cells [ 61 , 112 ].…”

Section: Gestational Diabetes and The Risk Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission

et al. 2022

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Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Throughout the pandemic, evidence on the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy has been inadequate due to the limited number of studies published. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate current literature regarding the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy and establish pregnancy outcomes and vertical and perinatal transmission during pregnancy. Multiple databases were searched, including Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Clinical Trials, using the following keywords: [Pregnancy] AND [COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR nCoV-19] OR [Perinatal transmission, Vertical transmission (VT), Pregnancy complications], [Pregnancy] AND [Hyperinflammation OR Cytokine storm]. We excluded in vitro and experimental studies, but also ex-vivo and animal study methods. To exclude the risk of bias during data collection and interpretation, all included studies were peer-reviewed publications. This review is estimated to tabulate the study intervention characteristics and compare them against the planned groups for each synthesis. Our findings showed that pregnant women are commonly susceptible to respiratory viral infections and severe pneumonia due to physiological immune suppression and pregnancy-induced changes. VT of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with a great deal of controversy and conflict. However, there is still no robust clinical evidence of VT. Furthermore, the clinical presentation and management of COVID-19 during pregnancy are nearly identical to those of non-pregnant women. Finally, chloroquine and remdesivir are the only two drugs evaluated as adequate for the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy.

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“…4 The antiviral effects of favipiravir depend on blocking the inward and outward movements of viruses by the drug. 5 The action is achieved through the inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). 6 Favipiravir has been found to be effective against these infections at high doses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favipiravir-induced inflammatory and hydropic degenerative liver injury in rats

et al. 2023

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Background. Favipiravir is very effective in the treatment of many viral infections, especially at high doses.It was used at such doses to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic. However, liver damage was reported in patients undergoing such treatment.Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low and high doses of favipiravir on the liver of rats, using biochemical and histopathological methods. Materials and methods.Wistar albino rats were allocated to one of 3 groups, namely a healthy group (HG), a 100 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-100) group and a 400 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-400) group. Favipiravir was administered orally at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses to the FAV-100 (n = 6) and FAV-400 (n = 6) groups, respectively. Distilled water was administered orally (1 mL) using the same method to the HG (n = 6). This procedure was repeated twice a day for 1 week. At the end of this period, the animals were euthanized with a high dose of thiopental anesthesia (50 mg/kg) and their liver tissues were removed. Results.Favipiravir caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the liver tissue, as well as elevated alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood. Moreover, favipiravir caused a decrease in total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. In addition, severe edema, lymphocyte infiltration and hydropic degeneration were observed in the liver tissue of the FAV-400.Conclusions. High-dose favipiravir caused more significant oxidative and inflammatory damage in the liver tissue of rats than low-dose favipiravir.

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Favipiravir in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is it Worth it?

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era

Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission

Favipiravir-induced inflammatory and hydropic degenerative liver injury in rats

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