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Objective: Quantify and qualify the soil macrofauna present in areas cultivated with brassicas under the No-till system vegetable (NTSV) in different phases. Method/design/approach: The study was conducted in three different areas: 1-NTSV with one year (NTSV1), 2-NTSV with three years (NTSV3), 3-Native Forest (In natural regeneration for 20 years (NF20)); At depths: 0-10; 10-20 and 20-30 cm, with 5 repetitions. Litter was collected in an area of 0.50x0.50 cm and soil samples were collected with an iron square measuring 25x25x30 cm in each plot, where the number of individuals (ind m-2) was quantified and the total richness and diversity and equitability indexes of the macrofauna were qualified. Result and conclusion: The management in areas NTSV1, NTSV3 and NF20 favored the development of the population of the Formicidae and Isoptera groups; The NTSV3 area at a depth of 20 to 30 cm provided the best conditions for the highest relative frequency of the Oligochaeta group. Research implications: The assessment of vertical distribution favored a broader knowledge of the macrofauna community in the systems; The adoption time of the one- or three-cycle no-tillage system did not affect the density and diversity of macrofauna. Originality/value: Most studies soil macrofauna have been carried out in areas under conventional or no-tillage of grains or in forests, few studies are carried out in areas with irrigated vegetables, where processes involving organic matter reach be three times faster, where the diversity of this macrofauna is higher and needs to be evaluated.
Objective: Quantify and qualify the soil macrofauna present in areas cultivated with brassicas under the No-till system vegetable (NTSV) in different phases. Method/design/approach: The study was conducted in three different areas: 1-NTSV with one year (NTSV1), 2-NTSV with three years (NTSV3), 3-Native Forest (In natural regeneration for 20 years (NF20)); At depths: 0-10; 10-20 and 20-30 cm, with 5 repetitions. Litter was collected in an area of 0.50x0.50 cm and soil samples were collected with an iron square measuring 25x25x30 cm in each plot, where the number of individuals (ind m-2) was quantified and the total richness and diversity and equitability indexes of the macrofauna were qualified. Result and conclusion: The management in areas NTSV1, NTSV3 and NF20 favored the development of the population of the Formicidae and Isoptera groups; The NTSV3 area at a depth of 20 to 30 cm provided the best conditions for the highest relative frequency of the Oligochaeta group. Research implications: The assessment of vertical distribution favored a broader knowledge of the macrofauna community in the systems; The adoption time of the one- or three-cycle no-tillage system did not affect the density and diversity of macrofauna. Originality/value: Most studies soil macrofauna have been carried out in areas under conventional or no-tillage of grains or in forests, few studies are carried out in areas with irrigated vegetables, where processes involving organic matter reach be three times faster, where the diversity of this macrofauna is higher and needs to be evaluated.
O estudo da fauna edáfica é empregado para a compreensão da qualidade do solo, pois estes organismos apresentam papel fundamental para a manutenção do ecossistema. Neste trabalho, objetiva-se analisar a composição da fauna edáfica em diferentes tipos de cultivo e mata nativa. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural - IRDeR, localizado no município de Augusto Pestana, Rio Grande do Sul. A mata nativa preservada é constitui de 70 hectares, a vegetação é do tipo floresta estacional decidual. Para a delimitação do levantamento, utilizou-se uma parcela desta área. A área de Pinus existente no local é caracterizada como área de silvipastoril. Na área de lavoura são realizados experimentos de monoculturas conforme o sistema convencional. Na horta foram cultivados nos últimos anos hortaliças conforme as bases da agricultura agroecológica. As coletas foram realizadas periodicamente nas quatro estações do ano, através da adaptação de armadilhas do método Pitfall em Provid. Os espécimes coletados foram acondicionados e conduzidos ao laboratório de zoologia/entomologia da Unijuí, para triagem, identificação e contagem. Os resultados indicam que as áreas com o maior número de indivíduos coletados foram a mata e a área de Pinus, nas estações de inverno e primavera. No entanto, alguns grupos específicos foram abundantes na lavoura, por exemplo, Formicidae, que participam de diversas interações ecológicas e Reduviidae, encontrados apenas neste local, provavelmente em busca de alimento, uma vez que são predadores de espécies herbívoras. Áreas com cobertura, seja pelo cultivo de pastagens ou pela presença de serrapilheira, conseguem manter um equilíbrio de temperatura e umidade, o que favorece a manutenção da fauna edáfica. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem auxiliar a sociedade e a academia, no sentido de contribuir para a conservação da biodiversidade da fauna edáfica em solos com condições variadas. Devido a extensão e heterogeneidade das áreas, recomenda-se para futuras pesquisas, distribuição aleatória e maior número de armadilhas.
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