Faulty feeder detection based on the integrated inner product under high impedance fault for small resistance to ground systems

Wang, Xiaowei; Liu, Weibo; Liang, Zhen; Guo, Liang; Du, Huan; Gao, Jie; Li, Chenjing

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108078

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Compared with the method based on feeder ZSC amplitude [5][6][7][8][9][10], the proposed method is simple and requires less automation in the distribution network; compared with the method using neutral ZSC [12][13][14], the proposed method does not require additional measurement and communication devices; compared with the method using busbar ZSV [15][16][17], the proposed method overcomes the problem that busbar ZSV is difficult to measure under SPHIF and has more practical engineering value; and compared with the method based on waveform nonlinear characteristics [23][24][25][26][27][28], the proposed method is still applicable under faults with weak nonlinear characteristics and has higher reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al proposed inverse-time overcurrent protection for distribution networks with high sensitivity but complex protection calibration [6,7]; Ren et al used longitudinal differential protection commonly used for transmission lines for distribution networks [8,9], but the method is only applicable to distribution networks with a high degree of automation; and Lin et al proposed centralized protection that integrates the amplitude and phase characteristics of each feeder's ZSC [10,11]. Using the healthy feeder ZSC and neutral ZSC phase difference of about 90 • , the faulty feeder ZSC, and neutral ZSC is approximately opposite, Sheng et al used the projection of the feeder ZSC on the neutral ZSC and the difference of the neutral ZSC for faulty feeder detection [12]; Yang et al constructed the protection action criterion by comparing the projection of the feeder ZSC on the neutral ZSC with the neutral ZSC to obtain the projection factor [13]; Wang et al proposed to calculate the integrated inner product of feeder ZSC and neutral ZSC, after that, the sign and magnitude of the integrated inner product of each feeder are compared to detect the faulty feeder [14]; however, all three methods mentioned above require additional equipment to measure or transmit the neutral ZSC. Using the characteristics that the bus zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) amplitude is inversely proportional to the fault transition resistance value and positively proportional to the feeder ZSC amplitude, Li et al proposed a method based on ZSV amplitude correction [15]; Xue et al proposed a method for ZSV ratio braking [16]; Long et al used the amount of change in zero-sequence power before and after the feeder fault to highlight the feeder fault characteristics [17]; however, the ZSV required by the above protection methods is difficult to measure under SPHIF.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Single-Phase High-Impedance Ground Faulty Feeder Detection Method for Small Resistance to Ground Systems Based on Current-Voltage Phase Difference

Hou

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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At present, the small resistance to ground system (SRGS) is mainly protected by fixed-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection, but its ability to detect transition resistance is only about 100 Ω, which is unable to detect single-phase high resistance grounding fault (SPHIF). This paper analyzes the zero-sequence characteristics of SPHIF for SRGS and proposes a SPHIF feeder detection method that uses the current–voltage phase difference. The proposed method is as follows: first, the zero-sequence current phase of each feeder is calculated. Second, the phase voltage root mean square (RMS) value is used to determine the fault phase and obtain its initial phase as the reference value. The introduction of the initial phase of the fault phase voltage can highlight the fault characteristics and improve the sensitivity and reliability of feeder detection, and then CVPD is the difference between each feeder ZSC phase and the reference value. Finally, the magnitude of CVPD is judged. If the CVPD of a particular feeder meets the condition, the feeder is detected as the faulted feeder. Combining the theoretical and practical constraints, the specific adjustment principle and feeder detection logic are given. A large number of simulations show that the proposed method can be successfully detected under the conditions of 5000 Ω transition resistance, –1 dB noise interference, and 40% data missing. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method uses phase voltages that are easy to measure to construct SPHIF feeder detection criteria, without adding additional measurement and communication devices, and can quickly achieve local isolation of SPHIF with better sensitivity, reliability, and immunity to interference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single-Phase High-Impedance Ground Faulty Feeder Detection Method for Small Resistance to Ground Systems Based on Current-Voltage Phase Difference

Hou

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…In the detection cases, μPMUs obtain voltage and current phasor measurements for HIF detection. In most HIF detection results, the ground resistances are between 100 Ω and 2 kΩ [5], [6], [39]. The grounding resistance of many HIFs in the initial fault stage is often greater than 1 kΩ or 3 kΩ.…”

Section: A Simulation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-impedance Fault Detection Method Based on Feature Extraction and Synchronous Data Divergence Discrimination in Distribution Networks

Yang¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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High-impedance faults (HIFs) in distribution networks may result in fires or electric shocks. However, considerable difficulties exist in HIF detection due to low-resolution measurements and the considerably weaker time-frequency characteristics. This paper presents a novel HIF detection method using synchronized current information. The method consists of two stages. In the first stage, joint key characteristics of the system are extracted with the minimal system prior knowledge to identify the global optimal micro-phase measurement unit (μPMU) placement. In the second stage, the HIF is detected through a multivariate Jensen-Shannon divergence similarity measurement using high-resolution time-synchronized data in μPMUs in a high-noise environment. l 2,1 principal component analysis (PCA), i.e., PCA based on the l 2,1 norm, is applied to an extracted system state and fault features derived from different resolution data in both stages. An economic observability index and HIF criteria are employed to evaluate the performance of placement method and to identify HIFs. Simulation results show that the method can reliably detect HIFs with reasonable detection accuracy in noisy environments.

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“…Reference 12 proposed a highly sensitive zero sequence stage overcurrent protection method, which decomposes the existing zero sequence overcurrent protection into multiple fixed time limit overcurrent protection, which can ensure the sensitivity of protection during high resistance grounding and the selectivity of protection during low resistance grounding, with the resistance to fault resistance of up to 1500 Ω. Reference 13 proposed a high resistance fault detection method for low resistance grounded networks based on integrated inner product transformation. The inner product principle is used to highlight the difference between fault outgoing line and non‐fault outgoing line, but the neutral point current needs to be measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for single‐phase high resistance grounding fault protection in low resistance grounded distribution networks

Wang,

Wang

2023

Engineering Reports

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The neutral point of the distribution network is grounded with low resistance, which can quickly remove single‐phase grounding fault and effectively suppress overvoltage. However, the existing zero‐sequence overcurrent protection has a high setting value. In the case of large fault resistance and weak fault current, the existing protection methods may refuse to operate. Based on the waveform characteristics of the zero‐sequence current of each outgoing line in the distribution network, this article proposes a new method for single‐phase high resistance grounding fault protection in low resistance grounded distribution network, which combines cosine distance and improved K‐means algorithm. First, the cosine distance between zero‐sequence current of every two outgoing lines is obtained, and the cosine distance matrix used to describe the fault characteristics is constructed. Then the improved K‐means algorithm is used to cluster the row vectors of the cosine distance matrix to obtain the convergent cluster center and cluster label, so that the fault line can be determined. This protection method does not need to set the threshold value manually, and has strong ability to handle large fault resistance. It can effectively deal with noise interference and intermittent arc grounding fault, and still has good adaptability in scenarios such as change of fault initial phase angle, change of fault location, access of distributed generations and occurrence of two outgoing lines in phase to grounding fault. Finally, a model is built, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the simulation of grounding fault.

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Faulty feeder detection based on the integrated inner product under high impedance fault for small resistance to ground systems

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

A Single-Phase High-Impedance Ground Faulty Feeder Detection Method for Small Resistance to Ground Systems Based on Current-Voltage Phase Difference

A Single-Phase High-Impedance Ground Faulty Feeder Detection Method for Small Resistance to Ground Systems Based on Current-Voltage Phase Difference

High-impedance Fault Detection Method Based on Feature Extraction and Synchronous Data Divergence Discrimination in Distribution Networks

A new method for single‐phase high resistance grounding fault protection in low resistance grounded distribution networks

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