Fault-Tolerant Control for a Flexible Group Battery Energy Storage System Based on Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Song, Junhong; Zhang, Weige; Hui, Liang; Jiang, Jiuchun; Yu, Wensong

doi:10.3390/en11010171

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Various PWM techniques are employed by researchers on MLC based BSSs. However, the most popular one is phase-shifted PWM (PS-PWM) method as it is extensively utilised in MMCs [67,83,164,165,167,169,170,172,173,[197][198][199][200] and CSM-MLCs [38,65,119,122,123,159,175,177,180,186,194,[201][202][203][204][205]. In PS-PWM, carriers of subsequent SMs are shifted in phase and phase-shift angle is determined by the number of SMs.…”

Section: Pulse Width Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essence of the proposed technique is zerosequence voltage injection. Fault-tolerant control methods pro-posed for CHB-MLCs in [205] are divided into three categories: fundamental phase-shift compensation, third harmonic injection and hybrid compensation. In all three techniques, it is aimed to enhance the post-fault performance of the system by avoiding over-modulation.…”

Section: Fault-tolerant Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bidirectional DC–DC converter based multilevel battery storage systems for electric vehicle and large‐scale grid applications: A critical review considering different topologies, state‐of‐charge balancing and future trends

Eroğlu

Kurtoğlu

Vural

2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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The expanding share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power generation and rise of electric vehicles (EVs) in transportation industry have increased the significance of energy storage systems (ESSs). Battery is considered as the most suitable energy storage technology for such systems due to its reliability, compact size and fast response. Power converters are vital for the integration of batteries into power grid and EVs as they play an active role in both power conversion and battery management. Multilevel converters (MLCs) are types of power converters and attract widespread interest due to their improved power quality, reliability and modularity. There are two main challenges in MLC based battery storage systems (BSSs) which are selecting a proper MLC topology and balancing state‐of‐charges (SOCs) of batteries. Although some research has been carried out on either MLCs or SOC balancing, no single study exists which presents a comprehensive review on MLC based BSSs for large‐scale grid and EV applications. This paper begins by reviewing several major battery storage technologies that are utilised in MLC based BSSs. Later on, a systematical review of commonly used and recently proposed MLC topologies for BSSs are provided along with different control schemes for MLCs by specifically focusing on SOC balancing techniques. Finally, potential challenges and suggestions for future improvement of MLC based BSSs are addressed.

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Section: Pulse Width Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fault-tolerant Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional DC–DC converter based multilevel battery storage systems for electric vehicle and large‐scale grid applications: A critical review considering different topologies, state‐of‐charge balancing and future trends

Eroğlu

Kurtoğlu

Vural

2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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show abstract

“…The ability of the cascaded multilevel converter to utilize lower-voltage semiconductor switches makes it one of the most suitable topologies for BESS. It lowers the THD and offers higher modularity compared to a typical inverter, thus contributing to a simpler voltage-scaling setup [23]. BESS, which is based on a three-phase CHB multilevel converter and uses lithium-ion batteries, was first proposed by [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Methodology and Analysis of Five-Level LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Chargers

et al. 2022

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This paper presents proposal of a five-level LLC resonant DC–DC converter design procedure for battery chargers. The five-level inverter side of the proposed converter is connected to a transform-less LLC resonant tank to ensure operating at high frequency and achieve soft switching. The proposed converter has less weight, size, and cost. It is also much simpler in terms of implementation, and has smooth energy conversion to the load. The proposed converter is designed to work within the range close to the resonant frequency, to ensure higher power density and efficiency. Thus, the range of operating frequency is set to be (91 kHz < fsw < 110 kHz), while the LLC parameters is designed to achieve resonant frequency fr = 100 kHz. Therefore, it is designed to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) for all switches, which enhances the efficiency as well. The theoretical analysis outcomes were confirmed by simulation studies conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK. An experimental model was also developed and validated with 100 VDC input voltage, which delivered output power of 100 W, 48 V, with efficiency around 96.9%. Selected findings are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested converter.

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“…Various topologies can be used in flexible group energy storage system [4,5]. In the application where power flows among the AC grid, the DC bus and battery, the MMC-BESS has its superior advantages of overcoming the "short-board" effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-Charge Balancing Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter with an Integrated Battery Energy Storage

et al. 2018

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With the fast development of the electric vehicle industry, the reuse of second-life batteries in vehicles are becoming more attractive, however, both the state-of-charge (SOC) inconsistency and the capacity inconsistency of second-life batteries have limits in their utilization. This paper focuses on the second-life batteries applied battery energy storage system (BESS) based on modular multilevel converter (MMC). By analyzing the power flow characteristics among all sources within the MMC-BESS, a three-level SOC equilibrium control strategy aiming to battery capacity inconsistency is proposed to balance the energy of batteries, which includes SOC balance among three-phase legs, SOC balance between the upper and lower arms of each phase, and SOC balance of submodules within each arm. In battery charging and discharging control, by introducing power regulations based on battery capacity proportion of three-phase legs, capacity deviation between the upper and lower's arm, and the capacity coefficient of the submodule into the SOC feedback control loop, SOC balance of all battery modules is accomplished, thus effectively improving the energy utilization of second-life battery energy storage system. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods are verified by results obtained from simulations and the experimental platform.

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Fault-Tolerant Control for a Flexible Group Battery Energy Storage System Based on Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Bidirectional DC–DC converter based multilevel battery storage systems for electric vehicle and large‐scale grid applications: A critical review considering different topologies, state‐of‐charge balancing and future trends

Bidirectional DC–DC converter based multilevel battery storage systems for electric vehicle and large‐scale grid applications: A critical review considering different topologies, state‐of‐charge balancing and future trends

Design Methodology and Analysis of Five-Level LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Chargers

State-of-Charge Balancing Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter with an Integrated Battery Energy Storage

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