Fault systems and their mechanisms of the formation and distribution of the Tarim Basin, NW China

Tang, Luping; Huang, Taizhu; Qiu, Haijun; Gui-mei, Wan; Li, Meng; Daqing, Xie; Chen, Gang

doi:10.1007/s12583-014-0410-1

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The basin is bounded by the Tian Shan Mountains to the northwest, Kuluketage region to the northeast, Kunlun Mountains to the south and southwest, and Altyn Fault Zone to the southeast ( Figure 1). Its Precambrian crystalline basement represents a fragment of the Rodinia supercontinent that has undergone long-term geological evolution from the Sinian (latest Neoproterozoic) to the Neogene [45,46]. Except for flood basalts of the Tarim Igneous Province at~290 Ma [47] (Figure 1), the evolution of the Tarim Basin is characterized by almost continuous sedimentation since the Neoproterozoic.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture, Dissolution, and Cementation Events in Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs, Tarim Basin, NW China

et al. 2020

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Ordovician carbonate rocks of the Yijianfang Formation in the Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, contain deeply buried (>6000 m), highly productive oil and gas reservoirs associated with large cavities (>10 m). Previous workers inferred that large cavities are paleocaves (paleokarst) formed near the surface and subsequently buried. Alternately, caves may have formed by dissolution at depth along faults. Using 227 samples from 16 cores, we document textures and cement compositions bearing on cavity histories with petrographic, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), isotopic, and fluid inclusion microthermometric observations. Results show that dissolution occurred at depth and was caused by (1) acidic fluids derived from Middle-Late Silurian and/or Devonian-Permian hydrocarbon generation and maturation, (2) high-temperature fluids, of which some were associated with Late Permian igneous activity, and (3) Mg-rich fluids that accompanied Jurassic-Cretaceous deformation and the formation of partially open fractures and stylobreccias (fault breccias). The relative paragenetic sequence of the structure-related diagenesis suggests seven stages of fracturing, dissolution, and cementation. Mottle fabrics in the Yijianfang Formation contain argillaceous carbonate-rich silt and are bioturbation features formed within the marine environment. Those mottled fabrics differ from clearly karstic features in the overlying Lianglitage Formation, which formed by near-surface dissolution and subsequent infilling of cavities by allochthonous sediment. Mottle fabrics are crosscut by compacted fractures filled with phreatic-vadose marine cements and followed by subsequent generations of cement-filled fractures and vugs indicating that some fractures and vugs became cement filled prior to later dissolution events. Calcite cements in fractures and vugs show progressively depleted values of δ18O documenting cement precipitation within the shallow (~220 m), intermediate (~625 m), and deep (~2000 m) diagenetic environments. Deep (mesogenetic) dissolution associated with fractures is therefore the principal source of the high porosity-permeability in the reservoir, consistent with other pieces of evidence for cavities localized near faults.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture, Dissolution, and Cementation Events in Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs, Tarim Basin, NW China

et al. 2020

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“…It has an Archean-Early Neoproterozoic crystalline basement that is covered by thick sequence of late Neoproterozoic-Quaternary sedimentary strata with multi-stage sedimentary-tectonic evolution ( Figure 1b) [25]. Key events include supercontinent breakup in the late Neoproterozoic, the opening and closure of Tethys in the Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic, and the Indo-Asian collision during the Cenozoic [25][26][27]. The Tarim Basin developed from the Cenozoic foreland basin and the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic intracratonic basin [25], following multi-phase tectonic movements, which involved various faults [25,[27][28][29][30], developed in the intracratonic basin.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key events include supercontinent breakup in the late Neoproterozoic, the opening and closure of Tethys in the Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic, and the Indo-Asian collision during the Cenozoic [25][26][27]. The Tarim Basin developed from the Cenozoic foreland basin and the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic intracratonic basin [25], following multi-phase tectonic movements, which involved various faults [25,[27][28][29][30], developed in the intracratonic basin. interaction are demonstrably complicated and varied in fault zones, particularly in the presence of multi-stage structural and diagenetic processes [15,19,23,24].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We observed open/uncemented microfractures (F3) overprinting across all the earlier cemented fractures (Figure 7), suggesting a latest stage fracture activity that is not related to strong diagenesis. The cross-cutting relationship for this episode possibly suggests that the tectonic stress field had changed, from the approximately NNE directional compression in the late Ordovician [29] to the NNW directional extension in the Eocene [25,27], for the new orientation fracture initiation. There is also observed fracture enlargement, but weak dissolution in this latest stage of fracture (Figures 7b and 8a).…”

Section: Paragenetic Sequence Of the Structure Related Diagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Diagenesis in Carbonate Rocks as Identified in Fault Damage Zones in the Northern Tarim Basin, NW China

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The identification of structural diagenesis and the reconstruction of diagenetic paragenesis in fault damage zones is important for understanding fault mechanisms and fluid flow in the subsurface. Based on the examination of core and sample thin section data, we deciphered the diagenetic parasequence and their fault controls for Ordovician carbonates in the northern Tarim intracratonic basin in NW China (Halahatang area). In contrast to the uniform nature of diagenesis observed in country rocks, there is a relatively complicated style of compaction and pressure solution, multiple fracturing, and cementation and dissolution history along the carbonate fault damage zones. The relative paragenetic sequence of the structure related diagenesis suggests three cycles of fracture activities, following varied fracture enlargement and dissolution, and progressively weaker calcite cementation. These processes of structure related diagenesis are constrained to the fault damage zones, and their variation is affected by the fault activities. The results of this study suggest that the carbonate reservoir and productivity could be impacted by the structure related diagenesis locally along the fault damage zones.

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“…When both high‐order faults and LOFs are present, high‐order faults are relatively easy to identify, and LOF identification is difficult. A LOF is a product of the local tectonic stress field that is derived from the regional tectonic stress field, and LOFs can be derived from one or several higher order faults, bending deformation of the strata or the upper arch of the lower rock (Ghisetti, ; Sun et al, ; Tang et al, ; Zhu et al, ). Currently, new seismic data developmental techniques, such as automatic tracing techniques, fine coherence analysis techniques, seismic attribute calculations, and stochastic downscaling methods, are being used to identify or predict the distribution of LOFs; this knowledge is used to guide the implementation of local structures into geological models (Anell et al, ; Di & Gao, ; Julio et al, ; Karimi et al, ; Yan et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Prediction of Lower Order Faults Based on the Finite Element Method: A Case Study of the M35 Fault Block in the Western Hanliu Fault Zone in the Gaoyou Sag, East China

et al. 2018

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Lower order faults (LOFs) are characterized by small-scale, strong concealment and difficult to identify in seismic data, which affects the accuracy of LOF interpretation. Due to the quality of the seismic data in the M35 fault block of the Gaoyou sag, Subei basin, the direction of the LOFs cannot be accurately identified, leading to the unclear relationship between the injection and production wells in the local oil fields and affecting the development of the remaining oil. In this paper, the formation mechanism of LOFs in the M35 fault block is determined from analysis of the fault activity and tectonic evolution, and a finite element geomechanical model is established to simulate the paleostress field during the formation of the LOFs. Based on the relationship between the areal density of LOFs and the stress parameters, the regions of LOF development are predicted by the minimum principal stress, the maximum and minimum principal stress difference (Δσ), normal stress (σ n ), and the strain energy density; the shear stresses are used to predict the dip direction of the LOFs. Through the coordinate system transformation of the principal stress directions, the strikes of the LOFs are quantitatively predicted. Finally, the reliability of the prediction results is verified by the latest structural map of the M35 fault block. The method proposed in this paper can be widely applied to the quantitative prediction of multiple parameters of LOFs in complex fault blocks. 10.1029/2017TC004767Key Points:• Quantitative prediction of lower order faults is based on the finite element method • The regions of LOF development are predicted by the minimum principal stress, stress difference, normal stress, and the strain energy density • The shear stresses are used to predict the dip direction of the LOFs Supporting Information:• Supporting Information S1

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Fault systems and their mechanisms of the formation and distribution of the Tarim Basin, NW China

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Fracture, Dissolution, and Cementation Events in Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs, Tarim Basin, NW China

Fracture, Dissolution, and Cementation Events in Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs, Tarim Basin, NW China

Structural Diagenesis in Carbonate Rocks as Identified in Fault Damage Zones in the Northern Tarim Basin, NW China

Quantitative Prediction of Lower Order Faults Based on the Finite Element Method: A Case Study of the M35 Fault Block in the Western Hanliu Fault Zone in the Gaoyou Sag, East China

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