Fault Structural Control on Earthquake Strong Ground Motions: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as an Example

Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Dongli; Li, Xiaojun; Huang, Bei; Zheng, Weitao; Wang, Yuejun

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92297-3_7

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with simulations of Duan and Oglesby (2005) for trust faults with a dip angle of 45°, which showed dominant vertical component of ground motion at the hanging wall, but dominant horizontal component at the footwall. It is also consistent with the seismological observations from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Zhang et al., 2019), in which the hanging wall effect was more evident in the vertical component than the horizontal component. The observation of larger horizontal velocities at the footwall has important implications for seismic risk in proximity to thrust faults, as buildings and infrastructure can have different sensitivity to the horizontal component of surface velocities than the vertical component.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Dynamics and Near‐Field Surface Motions of Transitioned Supershear Laboratory Earthquakes in Thrust Faults

et al. 2022

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We study how the asymmetric geometry of thrust faults affects the dynamics of supershear ruptures and their associated trailing Rayleigh ruptures as they interact with the free surface, and investigate the resulting near‐field ground motions. Earthquakes are mimicked by propagating laboratory ruptures along a frictional interface with a 61° dip angle. Using an experimental technique that combines ultrahigh‐speed photography with digital image correlation, we produce sequences of full‐field evolving measurements of particle displacements and velocities. Our full‐field measurement capability allows us to confirm and quantify the asymmetry between the experimental motions of the hanging and footwalls, with larger velocity magnitudes occurring at the hanging wall. Interestingly, because the motion of the hanging wall is generally near‐vertical, while that of the footwall is at dip direction shallower than the dip angle of the fault, the horizontal surface velocity components are found to be larger at the footwall than at the hanging wall. The attenuation in surface velocity with distance from the fault trace is generally larger at the hanging wall than at the footwall and it is more pronounced in the vertical component than in the horizontal one. Measurements of the rotations in surface motions confirm experimentally that the interaction of the rupture with the free surface can be interpreted through a torqueing mechanism that leads to reduction in normal stress near the free surface for thrust earthquakes. Nondimensional analysis shows that the experimental measurements are consistent with larger‐scale numerical simulations as well as field observations from thrust earthquakes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Zhang et al. (2019) observed the hanging‐wall effects for both the vertical and horizontal components, but with the former significantly more prominent than the latter. The 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake also showed the hanging‐wall effect only for short periods (Bai, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Near‐Field Surface Motions of Transitioned Supershear Laboratory Earthquakes in Thrust Faults

et al. 2022

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“…In addition to these physical parameters, good research results have been achieved on the relationship between land surface temperature (LST), atmospheric temperature, and earthquakes. Among them, research on the relationship between land surface temperature and earthquakes has been carried out earlier in China, such as the 1969 Bohai earthquake, the 1975 Haicheng earthquake, the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the 1990 Qinghai Gonghe earthquake, and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake [12][13][14][15], and found that there was indeed a significant warming of land surface temperature before these major earthquakes. In recent years, a series of wireless geothermal telemetry networks have been established near the Xianshuihe fault zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Temperature Variations in Multiple Layers of the Indonesia Earthquake Based on the Tidal Forces

Lu,

Ma,

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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The air temperature changes in the Palu MW7.5 earthquake in Indonesia on 28 September 2018 were analyzed, based on the additive tectonic stress caused by celestial tidal-generating forces (ATSCTF) and air temperature data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This paper explored the variation characteristics of three-dimensional stratified of air temperature caused by seismic activity and the coupling relationship between air temperature changes and the tidal force. The background information for air temperature calculation was obtained from the tidal force changes, and the air temperature increment method was used to study the temperature evolution process of different periods in the study area. The results found that the tidal force acting on the critical state earthquake faults may be an important external factor inducing earthquakes, and there was indeed a significant air temperature increase anomaly during the Palu MW7.5 earthquake. The paper also summarized the abnormal characteristics of air temperature caused by seismic activity: the air temperature closer to the land’s surface has greater anomaly amplitude and a wider anomaly area than that of the upper air.

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Fault Structural Control on Earthquake Strong Ground Motions: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as an Example

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics and Near‐Field Surface Motions of Transitioned Supershear Laboratory Earthquakes in Thrust Faults

Dynamics and Near‐Field Surface Motions of Transitioned Supershear Laboratory Earthquakes in Thrust Faults

Air Temperature Variations in Multiple Layers of the Indonesia Earthquake Based on the Tidal Forces

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