Fault mechanics and earthquakes

Brandes, Christian; Tanner, David C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815985-9.00002-3

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…Rupture is known as one of the immediate failure processes along a fault that can eliminate seismic waves which should be taken into consideration in recent decades in geological Symmetry 2020, 12, 1122 2 of 15 structures. Furthermore, faults' stick-slip behavior is considered as a substantial parameter in rupture recognition [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…processes along a fault that can eliminate seismic waves which should be taken into consideration in recent decades in geological structures. Furthermore, faults' stick-slip behavior is considered as a substantial parameter in rupture recognition [21]. Al-Busaidi et al [22] investigated the fracture propagation and development mechanisms in hydraulic fracturing processes by the administration of a discrete particle discontinuum method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Application of Symmetry Law in Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing by Finite Element Method

Sun

Zhou

Lu³

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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In this paper, influential parameters on the hydraulic fracturing processes in porous media were investigated. Besides, the simultaneous stimulation of solids, fluids and fractures geomechanical equations were numerically analyzed as a developed 3D model. To do this, the Abacus software was used as a multi-objective program to solve the physical-mechanical symmetry law governing equations, according to the finite element method. Two different layers, A (3104–2984 m) and B (4216–4326 m), are considered in the model. According to the result of this study, the maximum fracture opening length in the connection of the wall surface is 10 and 9 mm for layer B and layer A, respectively. Moreover, the internal fracture fluid pressure for layer B and layer A is 65 and 53 Mpa. It is indicated that fracture fluid pressure reduced with the increase in fracture propagation length. Consequently, the results of this study would be of benefit for petroleum industries to consider several crucial geomechanical characteristics in hydraulic fractures simultaneously as a developed numerical model for different formation layers to compare a comprehensive analysis between each layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Application of Symmetry Law in Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing by Finite Element Method

Sun

Zhou

Lu³

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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“…stimulated and coalesced by those strain localizations [100][101][102] similar to the ones observed for the curvilinear approach (see Figure 13d). This macroscale shear failure of the intact host rock at the fault tips can expend through ongoing strain to extend a continuous fault surface [103].…”

Section: Grid Geometrysupporting

confidence: 71%

“…During the development and the growth of a fault, stress concentrations at the fault tips lead to strain localization [97][98][99]. Small discontinuities (i.e., Griffith cracks) in the so-called "intact rock" can be stimulated and coalesced by those strain localizations [100][101][102] similar to the ones observed for the curvilinear approach (see Figure 13d). This macroscale shear failure of the intact host rock at the fault tips can expend through ongoing strain to extend a continuous fault surface [103].…”

Section: Grid Geometrymentioning

confidence: 75%

Faults as Volumetric Weak Zones in Reservoir-Scale Hydro-Mechanical Finite Element Models—A Comparison Based on Grid Geometry, Mesh Resolution and Fault Dip

Treffeisen

Henk

2020

Energies

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An appropriate representation of faults is fundamental for hydro-mechanical reservoir models to obtain robust quantitative insights into the spatial distribution of stress, strain and pore pressure. Using a generic model containing a reservoir layer displaced by a fault, we examine three issues which are typically encountered if faults have to be incorporated in reservoir-scale finite element simulations. These are (1) mesh resolution aspects honoring the scale difference between the typical cell size of the finite element (FE) reservoir model and the heterogeneity of a fault zone, (2) grid geometry relative to the fault geometry and (3) fault dip. Different fault representations were implemented and compared regarding those on the modeling results. Remarkable differences in the calculated stress and strain patterns as well as the pore pressure field are observed. The modeling results are used to infer some general recommendations concerning the implementation of faults in hydro-mechanical reservoir models regarding mesh resolution and grid geometry, taking into account model-scale and scope of interest. The goal is to gain more realistic simulations and, hence, more reliable results regarding fault representation in reservoir models to improve production, lower cost and reduce risk during subsurface operations.

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“…During the development of naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs, understanding the change in fracture permeability is the basis for production evaluation and scientic development (Ameen et al, 2010;Hennings et al, 2012;Ge et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). It is well accepted that fractures and fracture networks play an important role in fluid flow and transport properties of oil and gas reservoirs (Zhang et al, 2013;Cox, 2016;Wei and Xia, 2017;Velayatham et al, 2018), and fluid flow is well established along the damage zone of the shear slip (Kim et al, 2004;Wibberley et al, 2008;Childs et al, 2009;Kim and Sanderson, 2010;Faulkner et al, 2011;Galloway et al, 2018;Brandes and Tanner, 2020), while discussion on fault-related regional dissolution (karstification) is rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of paleo-karst reservoir and faulted karst reservoir in Tahe Oilﬁeld, Tarim Basin, China

Wang

Yang

et al. 2020

Adv. Geo-Energy Res.

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The Ordovician carbonate reservoir is the most productive deep-earth reservoir in Tahe Oilfield and other oilfields in Tarim Basin. Exploration and production successes in recent years reveal a new reservoir type, namely faulted karst reservoirs, which is closely related to regional strike-slip faults and very different from the well-recognized paleo-karst reservoir. The paleo-karst reservoirs distribute mainly in weathering crust regions in the northern Tahe Oilfield. Their primary reservoir spaces are meter-scale caves and the fluid conduits are predominantly the unconformable surfaces. In production, paleo-karst reservoirs always have sufficient energy, therefore high productivity. The faulted karst reservoirs mainly develop in southern Tahe Oilfield, controlled by the different ordered strike slip faults and related dissolutions. Their reservoir space is smaller than which of paleo-karst reservoirs. The predominant fluid conduits in these reservoirs are the faults. In production, reservoirs along major strike-slip faults have sufficient energy, high productivity and slow watercut increase like paleo-karst reservoirs. While in areas with less strong energy, faulted karst reservoir exhibits weak productivityand rapid watercut increase, implying a rule of "big fault big reservoir, small fault small reservoir, no fault no reservoir. A comprehensive understanding of the geophysical features, distribution characteristics, reservoir property, and production behaviors of the two reservoir types will assist further exploration and production in Tahe Oilfield and other basins containing such reservoirs.

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Fault mechanics and earthquakes

Cited by 17 publications

References 257 publications

RETRACTED: Application of Symmetry Law in Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing by Finite Element Method

RETRACTED: Application of Symmetry Law in Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing by Finite Element Method

Faults as Volumetric Weak Zones in Reservoir-Scale Hydro-Mechanical Finite Element Models—A Comparison Based on Grid Geometry, Mesh Resolution and Fault Dip

Characterization of paleo-karst reservoir and faulted karst reservoir in Tahe Oilﬁeld, Tarim Basin, China

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