Fault location in multi-terminal HVDC networks based on Electromagnetic Time Reversal with limited time reversal window

Abstract

Abstract-This paper aims at proving the application of the fault location method based on the Electromagnetic Time Reversal (EMTR) to multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) networks. In particular, the paper integrates the EMTR fault location technique with the protection scheme recently proposed within the EU project TWENTIES. Further, in view of the peculiarity of the fast protection schemes required by HVDC applications, the paper discusses the performances of the EMTR-based fault location technique by using limited time-windows over which the fault-generated electromagnetic transients are time-reversed. The paper also discusses the advantage of the EMTR fault location related to the use of a single observation point to the case of MTDC grids. Indeed, such a peculiarity may represent a major advantage avoiding necessary time synchronization between the MTDC-fault recording stations and might represents, also, a backup protection system. The performances of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulations obtained using the EMTP-RV simulation environment where electromagnetic fault-transients are reproduced with reference to the MTDC benchmark network of the project TWENTIES.

Impact of Propagation Losses on Fault Location Accuracy in Full Transient-Based Methods

“…The condition αL ≫ − ln Γ does not necessarily imply that exp(αL) > 1, since Γ ≃ 1, and − ln Γ ≪ 1. Yet, in this case A p is unbounded, because of the term L/L in (22). This change of behavior in A p is clearly visible in Fig.…”

“…TBM have been shown to present some advantages compared to TWM, as discussed at the end of [13]. Among them, the ability of TBM to provide accurate fault location [22], [23] without relying on high-speed sampling, while monitoring transients from a single end of a line.…”

Assessment of the Influence of Losses on the Performance of the Electromagnetic Time Reversal Fault Location Method

“…Finally, the performances of this method is not influenced by the fault type and impedance [16]. The EMTR method has been successfully applied to different types of networks including inhomogeneous and radial distribution networks [15], series-compensated transmission lines [16], and more recently, multi-terminal HVDC networks [17].…”

MT–HVdc Systems Fault Classification and Location Methods Based on Traveling and Non-Traveling Waves—A Comprehensive Review

“…∆V ≤ Vref (118) ∆I = I post − I pre (119) ∆I ≤ I re f (120) Information about fault is processed with in milliseconds but is affected by the noise which raise questions over accuracy of detection [110]. Normally, it is used for primary protection [109].…”

“…Electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) method for fault estimation in MT--HVdc offers significant advantages, such as tolerance of low sampling rate, non-requirement of accurate fault arrival time, and superiority compared to transient method for high resistance faults [114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121]. This method is based on reversing the direction of time (t), given as:…”