Fault Detection in a Single-Bus DC Microgrid Connected to EV/PV Systems and Hybrid Energy Storage Using the DMD-IF Method

Abstract

Variations in fault currents, short times to clear the fault, and a lack of a natural current zero-crossing point are the most important challenges that DC microgrid protection faces. This challenge becomes more complicated with the presence of electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their uncertainties. For this reason, in this paper, a new method for fault detection in DC microgrids with the presence of electric vehicles and energy storage systems is proposed. The new proposed method uses the combination of dynamic mode decomposition and instantaneous frequency for fault detection. In this method, first, a reference signal is made using the voltage and current signal sampled from the DC microgrid using the dynamic mode decomposition method. Next, in order to detect the fault, the instantaneous frequency value of the reference signal is calculated by the Hilbert transform. The simultaneous use of voltage and current signals reduces the transient effects of the control system on the proposed protection method. In order to measure voltage and current signals, only one intelligent electronic device unit is used in this paper. The proposed new method has been tested on a single-bus DC microgrid with the presence of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in MATLAB 2019b software. The results show that this method can detect all types of faults in DC microgrids, electric vehicles, and photovoltaics. Also, this method is immune to the uncertainties of the generation of distributed generation resources and the existence of noise distortions in the measured signals.

A Novel Machine Learning-Based Approach for Fault Detection and Location in Low-Voltage DC Microgrids

“…This examination encompassed pole-to-ground (PG)and pole-to-pole (PP) faults on the main line and the faults occurring within the microgrid's distributed energy sources. The case studies examine various fault impedances present in different sections of the DC microgrid, which are commonly investigated scenarios in recent studies [51].…”

Enhanced Fault Detection and Localization Strategy for High-Speed Protection in Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Networks Using Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

“…Other authors in [12] presented a new TW-based protection for hybrid DC transmission networks by analyzing TW propagation in the system. Reference [13] introduced a fault detection method for DC microgrids with electric vehicles and energy storage, combining dynamic mode decomposition and instantaneous frequency calculation using voltage and current signals to minimize transient effects. Similarly, authors in [14] suggested a fault detection technique for DC microgrids, merging dynamic mode decomposition and instantaneous frequency calculation from voltage and current signals to reduce transient impacts.…”

“…The CR is generated through eq (13) by subtracting measured discrete current from estimated/filtered EKF. The detailed step by step calculation of EKF based CR is mentioned in eq (7) to (13). These steps represent the iterative process within the EKF, where the residual is pivotal in refining the state estimate and improving the accuracy of the filtering process.…”