Fault Detection for Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Sliding Mode Observer

Shao, Shuai; Wheeler, Patrick; Clare, John; Watson, Alan J.

doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2242093

Cited by 317 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, it is assumed that ( ) = ( ) . This assumption has already been proven to be sufficient for the MMC for different voltage estimation techniques [12][13][14]. As a result, the switching state signals ( ( )) can be taken directly from the DSP without the need for extra sensors.…”

Section: Proposed Estimation Scheme For Mmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison with the observer-based methods which were proposed in [12,13], the proposed method is completely independent of variations in arm inductance. This is because the arm inductance is not included in the estimation algorithm design.…”

Section: B Effect Of Parameter Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, this proposed scheme does not use any sensors since it does not require any form of feedback control, the wellknown disadvantages of open-loop control schemes may threaten the performance of the system. In some recent studies, online observers have been introduced to estimate individual SM voltages [12,13]. For example, fewer voltage sensors could be achieved based on a sliding mode where the proposed method merely monitors the total input voltage and arm current of the converter [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some recent studies, online observers have been introduced to estimate individual SM voltages [12,13]. For example, fewer voltage sensors could be achieved based on a sliding mode where the proposed method merely monitors the total input voltage and arm current of the converter [12]. This technique has been proposed for fault detection scheme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submodule Voltage Estimation Scheme in Modular Multilevel Converters with Reduced Voltage Sensors Based on Kalman Filter Approach

Abushafa¹,

Dahidah

Gadoue

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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On the other hand, as with most conventional converters, the MMC has specific control requirements. For instance, the voltage-balancing of the submodule (SM) capacitors in the converter is critical. However, due to the series of cascaded SMs which are used to construct the converter, the reliability of the MMC is an important challenge [5]. In one example of a real application based on the MMC is presented in [6], where hundreds of SMs per leg were used. This also requires a great many voltage sensors in order to achieve the voltage-balancing of the system. This problem has been extensively investigated in recent research [3,7]; but many voltage sensors are always used in such studies. However, it would be preferable if this issue could be resolved with lower cost and complexity.Several proposals have been attempted to minimise the number of voltage and current sensors required. For instance, successful simulation and practical results have been achieved with fewer current sensors [8][9][10]. However, no reductions in voltage sensor number were discussed in those studies. Another attempt based on an open-loop scheme has been suggested, where fixed PWM signals were applied to the converter [11]. Although, this proposed scheme does not use any sensors since it does not require any form of feedback control, the wellknown disadvantages of open-loop control schemes may threaten the performance of the system. In some recent studies, online observers have been introduced to estimate individual SM voltages [12,13]. For example, fewer voltage sensors could be achieved based on a sliding mode where the proposed method merely monitors the total input voltage and arm current of the converter [12]. This technique has been proposed for fault detection scheme. However, variations in SM capacitance were not considered in this study. In an attempt to ameliorate this problem, the estimation of capacitance values for each individual SM was considered in [13]. This improvement provides an important solution against concerning capacitance; however, in all observer-based methods the effect of variations associated with arm inductor values was not included in the design. In very recent research [14,15], the voltage-balancing of a seven-level MMC has been achieved with important reductions in the number of voltage sensors required, where the lowest number of voltage sensors needed is two when sevenlevel MMC is used. Two sensors are contributed to measure total arm voltage of the converter. On the other hand, the main UK

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Section: Proposed Estimation Scheme For Mmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Effect Of Parameter Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submodule Voltage Estimation Scheme in Modular Multilevel Converters with Reduced Voltage Sensors Based on Kalman Filter Approach

Abushafa¹,

Dahidah

Gadoue

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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“…Yazdani [9] proposed that the root mean square value of the output phase voltage can be used to monitor the system, but this it is time-consuming. A sliding mode observer (SMO)-based fault detection method for MMC is proposed in [10], which is also time-consuming. Deng [11] employed the Kalman filter (KF) to detect open-circuit faults in MMC sub-modules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Fault Identification Based on an Adaptive Observer for Modular Multilevel Converters Applied to Wind Power Generation Systems

Liu

Loh

et al. 2015

Energies

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Due to the possibility of putting a large number of modules consisting of switches and capacitors connected in series, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) can easily be scaled to high power and high voltage power conversion, which is an attractive feature for filter-less and transformer-less design and helpful to achieve high efficiency. However, a significantly increased amount of sub-modules in a MMC may increase the requirements for sensors and also increase the risk of failures. As a result, fault detection and diagnosis of MMC sub-modules are of great importance for continuous operation and post-fault maintenance. Therefore, in this paper, an effective fault diagnosis technique for real-time diagnosis of the switching device faults covering both the open-circuit faults and the short-circuit faults in MMC sub-modules is proposed, in which the faulty phase and the fault type is detected by analyzing the difference among the three output load currents, while the localization of the faulty switches is achieved by comparing the estimation results by the adaptive observer. In contrast to other methods that use additional sensors or devices, the presented technique uses the measured phase currents only, which are already available for MMC control. In additional, its operation, effectiveness and robustness are confirmed by simulation results under different operating conditions and load conditions.

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New open circuit fault detection in a DC‐DC converter

Abouobaida

Abouelmahjoub

Oliveira-Assis

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The fault detection in power converters is a meaningful aspect to ensure the system's power quality. In this context, the open circuit fault (OCF) in power switches is increasingly discussed. This paper proposes an OCF detection method that triggers the power switches based on the slope of the output predicted voltage. The proposed algorithm allows a sensorless detection of the OCF. The regulator synthesis uses the transfer function for a small signal model. The efficiency of the prediction method is validated by an estimation of the output voltage for several duty cycles offering a good accuracy, in which the error does not exceed 5%. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by MATLAB/Simulink tools and a comparative analysis is given at the end of this paper. Compared to other works in the literature, the major advantage of the proposed method is the simplicity of implementation, lower cost, and a better OCF detection time, which does not exceed 15% of the switching period in the test conditions.

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Fault Detection for Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Sliding Mode Observer

Cited by 317 publications

References 18 publications

Submodule Voltage Estimation Scheme in Modular Multilevel Converters with Reduced Voltage Sensors Based on Kalman Filter Approach

Submodule Voltage Estimation Scheme in Modular Multilevel Converters with Reduced Voltage Sensors Based on Kalman Filter Approach

Online Fault Identification Based on an Adaptive Observer for Modular Multilevel Converters Applied to Wind Power Generation Systems

New open circuit fault detection in a DC‐DC converter

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