Fault Attacks Resistant Architecture for KECCAK Hash Function

Abstract

Abstract-The KECCAK cryptographic algorithms widely used in embedded circuits to ensure a high level of security to any systems which require hashing as the integrity checking and random number generation. One of the most efficient cryptanalysis techniques against KECCAK implementation is the fault injection attacks. Until now, only a few fault detection schemes for KECCAK have been presented. In this paper, in order to provide a high level of security against fault attacks, an efficient error detection scheme based on scrambling technique has been proposed. To evaluate the robust of the proposed detection scheme against faults attacks, we perform fault injection simulations and we show that the fault coverage is about 99,996%. We have described the proposed detection scheme and through the Field-Programmable Gate Array analysis, results show that the proposed scheme can be easily implemented with low complexity and can efficiently protect KECCAK against fault attacks. Moreover, the FieldProgrammable Gate Array implementation results show that the proposed KECCAK fault detection scheme realises a compromise between implementation cost and KECCAK robustness against fault attacks.

High-Speed Hardware Architecture Based on Error Detection for KECCAK

“…Table 6 presents a comparative analysis of the proposed architecture with three similar works as reported in references [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The comparison is based on various parameters such as fault coverage (FC), efficiency, throughput, frequency and area overheads.…”

“…Table 6 presents a comparison between the architecture proposed in this study and the fault detection implementation proposed in [ 11 ]. The results indicate that the protected KECCAK process incurs an area overhead of 22.63% and a working frequency overhead of 49.65%.…”

“…More importantly, the introduced errors result in an incorrect KECCAK state, rendering the integrity message output untrustworthy. So far, only a handful of fault detection algorithms have been developed to increase the KECCAK implementation's resilience [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Mestiri et al proposed in [10] an effective error detection technique based on modifying the KECCAK architecture.…”

“…More importantly, the introduced errors result in an incorrect KECCAK state, rendering the integrity message output untrustworthy. So far, only a handful of fault detection algorithms have been developed to increase the KECCAK implementation’s resilience [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…In order to offer a high degree of protection against fault attacks, an efficient error detection approach based on the bytes’ permutation technique has been developed in [ 11 ]. To investigate the robustness of the proposed detection technique against fault attacks, the authors conducted fault injection simulations and demonstrated that the fault coverage is around 99.996%.…”