Fault Analysis and Traveling-Wave Protection Scheme for Bipolar HVDC Lines

Application of new directional logic to improve DC side fault discrimination for high resistance faults in HVDC grids

“…Commonly, the magnitudes of fault indicators observed or derived from terminal measurements are utilized to discriminate faults in the protected line from those on adjacent lines. Fault discrimination has been carried out using the magnitude of observed rate of rise of current [10], magnitude of the rate of change of line side voltage of the boundary inductor [9,10], the time rate of voltage across the boundary inductor [11], or the magnitude of backward travelling wave [12]. However, large discrimination margins are required when the magnitudes of the fault disturbances are used for discriminating the faults, and as a result sensitivity of protection is reduced.…”

“…Since a fault created wave attenuates when travelling through a boundary inductor [12], the side of the fault with respect to boundary inductor can be easily and reliably identified if the magnitudes of disturbance at two sides are compared. A number of advantages are apparent in this method when compared with aforementioned methods of fault direction identification.…”

“…Since the maximum/steady state fault currents for short circuit faults are likely to be much higher than the circuit breaker capabilities [21], a fault must be detected and the DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) must be opened before the fault current rises above the breaker's maximum interruption current. This aspect has not been tested in the fault detection schemes such as the one presented in [12]. The rate of change of voltage based HVDC grid protection scheme presented in [9] can face difficulties during high resistance faults.…”

Study of the HVDC dual transmission system under faults in the power converters

“…However, most of the studies have been focused on the AC and DC system faults [14][15]. Much less efforts have been made regarding a fault in the power converter switches.…”

Hybrid Energy Storage Implementation in DC and AC Power System for Efficiency, Power Quality and Reliability Improvements

“…Traveling wave protection schemes utilize various signal processing techniques to identify the characteristics of the current and voltage waves reflected and received at the transmission line terminations. These protection schemes have already been applied for the protection of conventional two terminal HVDC systems [231]- [235], while various studies have been done for its application on the multiterminal HVDC systems [167], [236]- [238].…”