Fatty alcohol inhibition of tobacco axillary and terminal bud growth

Abstract

Fatty alcohols with chain lengths of CS, Clp, a?d C,, methyl ester. Without the proper type and amount were highly active in selectively killing or inhibitmg of surfactant, the Cg, Clo, and Cll alcohols and esters axillary and terminal bud growth of tobacco. exhibit nonselective tissue kill. With the aid of Fatty alcohols with chain lengths shorter than CS, or surfactants, the emulsions become phytotoxic only longer than CII, were less effective. On an equal to young meristematic tissue but cause little or no molar basis, the most effective fatty alcohols are visible injury to more mature tissue. more active than the corresponding fatty acid he effectiveness of fatty acid methyl esters for the inhibition of tobacco axillary bud (sucker) growth T has previously been reported (Tso, 1964; Tso et a/., 1965). The alkyl esters of the Cs to CI2 fatty acids effectively and sdectively killed the axillary meristems without damaging mature leaf tissue. Among them, the Cla and CI1 methyl esters are most effective; however, the C1, compound showed considerable phytotoxicity. Growth inhibition or tissue death occurs only when the sprayed emulsion comes in direct contact with the meristematic tissue (Tso el cd., 1966). When an emulsified fatty acid ester is applied to plants, the ester, per se, is not translocated, but is restricted to the general area of application. Therefore, growth of meristematic tissues appears to be inhibited because of the selective penetration of the active agents into the areas of rapidly dividing cells. The selective inhibition of meristematic growth on a wide range of plants has important implications which are brought out by Cathey et d. (1966).This paper reports on another group of compounds, C, to C18 fatty alcohols, several of which also effectively and selectively inhibit axillary and terminal bud growth of tobacco. MATERIALS AND METHODSTest Plants. The fatty alcohol sprays were applied to Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, Connecticut Broadleaf, Hicks flue-cured, and Burley-21 plants. The Xanthi and Connecticut Broadleaf plants were grown in the greenhouse, and the Hicks and Burley plants were field-grown at Beltsville, Md. Xanthi plants were grown essentially as described by Marth and Mitchell (1964). Connecticut Broadleaf seedlings were produced as the Xanthi but they were transplanted to a soil mixture in 7-inch clay pots. Hicks flue-cured and Burley seedlings were produced in seed beds and then transplanted to the field during the 1966 growing season. Each typ: was fertilized and produced according to normal field practices.All greenhouse experiments were conducted in duplicate and, in each case, there wzre four plants per treatment. For the field experiments, each treatment consisted of 10 plants for both the Hicks and Burley types. The results reported are averages of the two types. Spray Solutions. The fatty alcohols used in these experiments are insoluble in water. Therefore, emulsions were prepared with the aid of a surfactant. The effectiveness of the fatty acid derivatives in select...

Promotion of Peroxidase Activity in the Cell Wall of Nicotiana

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Studies on Chemical Disbudding of Chrysanthemum

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