Fatty acids role in multiple sclerosis as “metabokines”

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune neurological disease with both genetic and environmental contribution, still lacks effective treatment options among progressive patients, highlighting the need to re-evaluate disease innate properties in search for novel therapeutic targets. Fatty acids (FA) and MS bear an interesting intimate connection. FA and FA metabolism are highly associated with autoimmunity, as the diet-derived circulatory and tissue-resident FAs level and composition can modulate immune cells polarization, differentiation and function, suggesting their broad regulatory role as “metabokines”. In addition, FAs are indeed protective factors for blood–brain barrier integrity, crucial contributors of central nervous system (CNS) chronic inflammation and progressive degeneration, as well as important materials for remyelination. The remaining area of ambiguity requires further exploration into this arena to validate the existed phenomenon, develop novel therapies, and confirm the safety and efficacy of therapeutic intervention targeting FA metabolism.

RETRACTED: Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Multiple sclerosis results from genetic [ 4 ] and environmental and behavioral factors [ 5 , 6 ]. Among these, interest in fatty acids (FAs) to discover treatments for multiple sclerosis and its causes dates back to the 1950s [ 7 ], when epidemiologic and autopsy data confirmed the lack of sufficient polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation) [ 8 ] and low saturation and elongation of fatty acids in the central nervous system [ 9 ]. Furthermore, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) criteria are used for the clinical inspection of functional and neurological impairment in patients with MS.…”

Autoimmunerkrankungen und Vitamin D

“…Eine Tagesdosierung von 1000 mg ω-3-Fettsäuren ist jedoch viel zu niedrig, um Effekte bei MS-Patienten zu zeigen. Nach labordiagnostischer Erfassung der nutritiven Versorgung mit ω-3-Fettsäuren (Labor: HS-Omega-3-Index), auch als Metabokine bezeichnet, wäre eine tägliche Dosierung von 2000–4000 mg zielführender 32 33 34 .…”

The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Biological constitutions of FAs are constituents of MS metabolic memory that would influence the immune system. MS patients with significantly decreased adipose-resident oleic acid have a proinflammatory transcriptional profile of Treg cells, which can be reversed by supplementation with oleic acid [ 35 ].…”