Fatty acids of the lipid fraction of erythrocyte membranes and intensity of lipid peroxidation in iron deficiency

Abstract

A high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and an increased concentration of LPO products in the plasma and erythrocytes are observed in children with severe and moderate iron deficiency, whereas the values do not differ from the control in children with mild and latent iron deficiency. It is assumed that the excess of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes may lead to a shortening of the erythrocyte life span in severe and moderate iron deficiency. Key Words: fatty acids; erythrocyte membranes; iron deficiency; lipid peroxidationThe development of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is attended by an acceleration of imperfect hemopoiesis and by the appearance of erythrocytes with abnormal shape and reduced life span in the peripheral blood [6]. An important role in the genesis of these disturbances is allocated to impaired synthesis of the lipid component of erythrocyte membranes [14] and insufficient activity of erythrocyte enzymes (catalase, aconitase, cytochrome oxidase) and SH groups [4,13], which facilitate the susceptibility of erythrocyte membranes for oxidation [5]. In vitro studies of physicocliemical properties of erythrocytes in adults have revealed that one of the causes of their reduced life span is a high sensitivity to glucose deficit and a low capability for deformation due to excessive rigidity [12] due not only to an altered lipid component but also to impaired functioning of mem- tibility for oxidation [2]. Despite the great number of investigations of physicochemical properties of erythrocytes in iron deficiency, the composition of erythrocyte membranes and the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in this disorder remain poorly understood.The aim of the present investigation was to study the composition of FA of the lipid fraction of erythrocyte membranes and the intensity of LPO in children with iron deficiency of varying severity. MATERIALS AND METHODSFA of the lipid fraction of erythrocyte membranes and the intensity of LPO were studied in 46 children with different degrees of iron deficiency. Of these, 11 children had latent iron deficiency (LID) and 35 IDA of different severity. The children were aged from 9 to 24 months. LID and IDA were diagnosed as recommended earlier [111. Parameters of the fatty acid composition of lipids from erythrocyte membranes and the activity of LPO in healthy children of the same age served as the control. The total lipid fraction was ex-

Iron Therapy and Oxidative Stress

“…Inder et aL (1994). In cases of iron deficiency in children, high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes membranes and an increased concentratbn of lipid peroxide (LPO) products (MDA and diene conjugates) in plasma and eryth rocytes have been reported (Soboleva et al 1994).…”

SAFETY PROFILES OF Fe2+AND Fe3+ORAL PREPARATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN

“…Although it has been shown that the coincubation of human plasma with ferrous (Fe 2+ ) iron and hydrogen peroxide results in threefold increase of lipid peroxides, there is less evidence of a similar role of iron in vivo [10]. Of striking importance in this field is the work of Soboleva et al [11], who have reported increased levels of lipid peroxide products (malondialdehyde and diene conjugates) in plasma and erythrocytes of children treated for IDA. Since the erythrocytes are directly exposed to radical formation both from external or internal sources, they are more susceptible to oxidative stress than any other cell in the body.…”

Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0), an Essential Fatty Acid, Shares Clinically Relevant Cell-Based Activities with Leading Longevity-Enhancing Compounds

“…Pure C15:0 rescues mitochondrial function at complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory pathway via increased production of succinate and has a dose-response effect on repairing mitochondrial function [2,83,84]. Consistent with the cell membrane pacemaker theory of aging, C15:0, as a stable, odd-chain saturated fatty acid that is readily incorporated in cell membranes, stems premature cellular senescence and lowers the risk of lipid peroxidation [23,[35][36][37][38]85,86]. Beyond the role of C15:0 as an mTOR inhibitor and AMPK activator, C15:0 supports healthy cellular signaling as a dual partial PPAR α/δ agonist, JAK-STAT inhibitor, and HDAC6 inhibitor, which are well-established moderators of metabolism, lipids, inflammation, and cancer [2,22,24,26,[87][88][89].…”

“…Beyond evidence that C15:0 lowers the risk of conditions that are leading causes of mortality, higher C15:0 has been linked to lower risks of a number of other agingassociated conditions, including anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hair loss, and Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, children with higher erythrocyte cell membrane C15:0 levels have less severe iron deficiency anemia [37], and daily oral C15:0 supplementation successfully attenuates anemia in vivo [2]. Regarding lung disease, dietary C15:0 intake is linearly correlated with improved lung function (FEV1/FVC) in people with COPD [100].…”

“…Beyond targeting key receptors, C15:0 is a stable saturated fat that is readily incorporated into the lipid bilayers of cell membranes, including red blood cells, to lower the risk of lipid peroxidation and premature lysis [2,[35][36][37][38]. Further, C15:0 has antimicrobial properties, including growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and fungi [39,40].…”