Fatty acids for controlled release applications: A comparison between prilling and solid lipid extrusion as manufacturing techniques

Vervaeck, Anouk; Monteyne, Tinne; Siepmann, Florence; Boone, Matthieu N.; Hoorebeke, Luc Van; Beer, Thomas De; Siepmann, Juergen; Remon, Jean Paul; Vervaet, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.011

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the study of Vervaeck et al (), the fatty acid particles (behenic and myristic acid) produced by prilling and extrusion also showed differences in relation to the molecular interactions between the fatty acids and the final solid state. Therefore, although the particle production processes used in this study did not provide significant differences in the solidification behavior and crystalline arrangement of the CW molecules, there is a tendency for the particles produced by dripping to solidify in a less‐flexible and more‐organized crystalline state in relation to the particles produced by 2 mm die extrusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, for the dripping process, the enthalpy of crystallization was significantly lower. In a comparative study between techniques of production of fatty acid by prilling and cold extrusion, Vervaeck et al () found no significant difference in the melting temperature values of the particles obtained by the different methods, but the particles produced by prilling also presented a lower melting enthalpy value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dripping technique consists in dripping a substance using a nozzle system into a hardening bath responsible for modeling the droplets. This method is commonly used for hydrocolloids, which are stabilized in gelling baths, but some solid lipids can be solidified in a cool aqueous bath (Vervaeck et al, ). For this reason, when dripping techniques are applied for fats, they require relatively high temperatures to melt the lipid, resulting in different cooling rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnauba Wax Particles: Investigation of Dripping and Cold‐Extrusion Processes

Paulo

Schmiele

Máximo

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Solid lipids are commonly used as carrier systems for encapsulation processes. However, formulations containing only solid lipids tend to form a highly ordered crystal lattice, which can expel the active compound during long-term storage, due to the dynamics of polymorphic transitions. Regarding the aspects of particle production, the cooling step of the melted lipid is essential for determining the type of formed crystals. This work aimed to analyze the effects of the crystallization step on the physicochemical properties of lipid particles. Carnauba wax (CW) particles with a relatively high melting point (T m = 78 C) were produced by the dripping method, based on melting-crystallization steps, and by cold extrusion, which uses temperatures lower than the melting point of the lipid. Then, the physical properties, thermal behavior, and X-ray of CW particles were analyzed. The particles obtained by dripping and extrusion presented mean sizes of 3.7 and 1.5 mm, respectively. All particles presented a similar thermal behavior (T m = 78 C; ΔH = 200 J g −1 ) and crystalline arrangement of the lipids. However, the dripping system presented an operational problem of clogging, requiring efficient thermal insulation, whereas the extrusion is a cost-effective, time-saving, and eco-friendly method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnauba Wax Particles: Investigation of Dripping and Cold‐Extrusion Processes

Paulo

Schmiele

Máximo

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Solid lipid extrusion in some cases may retain the primary crystal packaging of the lipid and thus prevent changes in the solid state properties during processing and storage (Gures and Kleinebudde, 2011; Reitz et al, 2008). Lipids explored as carriers for HME include: waxes (cetyl palmitate, (Witzleb et al, 2012)), fatty acids (stearic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid; (Vervaeck et al, 2015a)), triglycerides (trilaurin, tripalmitin, tristearin; (Windbergs et al, 2009a)), mixed glycerides (glyceryl palmitostearate, glyceryl behenate; (Krause et al, 2009)) etc..…”

Section: Materials Used In Hot Melt Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when exceeding a certain pressure, the dripping may be impaired and regular and uniform droplets will not be obtained. The drop diameter is mainly defined by the diameter of the capillary needle (Whelehan and Marison, 2011;Vervaeck et al, 2015a;Vervaeck, 2015b;Peira, 2015).…”

Section: Nozzlementioning

confidence: 99%

Hot-melt extrusion and prilling as contemporary and promising techniques in the solvent free production of solid oral dosage forms, based on solid dispersions

Aleksovski¹,

Vervaet²,

Dreu³

2016

Maced. Pharm. Bull.

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Hot melt extrusion and prilling are gaining importance as solvent free and continuous techniques in the production of solid oral dosage forms with added value, by incorporating active compound in a molten carrier which is further solidified to form solid dispersion. This article reviews these two techniques in terms of understanding process basics, equipment characteristics, required properties of processed materials and application of the processes for development of solid oral dosage forms. Studies revealed that both hot-melt extrusion and prilling are regarded as simple, robust and continuous methods for processing different types of materials and production of solid dosage forms based on solid matrices. However, understanding of their concepts and requirements together with careful material selection is crucial for stable material processing and obtaining stable products of high-quality. Hot-melt extrusion proved to be a suitable method for production of modified release dosage forms, taste masked dosage forms and dosage forms offering improved drug dissolution rate and solubility. Prilling till now has been successfully applied just in the production of multiple unit drug delivery systems for immediate and sustained drug delivery. Further studies on product development and process understanding are required for full implementation of prilling in the pharmaceutical field.

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Mathematical modeling for prilling processes in ammonium nitrate production

Gezerman

2020

Engineering Reports

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In ammonium nitrate (AN) production, determining the standard particle size for the granulation process is a fundamental problem. Therefore, a system model is proposed for this final stage of the manufacturing process. In the proposed model, prilling is simulated by analyzing data from the continuity, hydrodynamics, and mass and energy transfers. The direction of the movement of AN particles, the temperature, and humidity distribution of the cooling air with variation in particle size, and the height of the prilling tower are calculated. The air temperature profile determined by the model is compared with that of an actual AN plant. The comparison shows that the results obtained by the model are consistent with the plant data. In addition, it is shown that an increase in the cooling rate of particles has the potential to enhance the properties of AN particles. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the granulation process is conducted to estimate the impact of the parameters of the proposed model such as the prilling tower height, particle size, and temperature. Thus, this model could be used to obtain more accurate results at an industrial plant.

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Fatty acids for controlled release applications: A comparison between prilling and solid lipid extrusion as manufacturing techniques

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Carnauba Wax Particles: Investigation of Dripping and Cold‐Extrusion Processes

Carnauba Wax Particles: Investigation of Dripping and Cold‐Extrusion Processes

Hot-melt extrusion and prilling as contemporary and promising techniques in the solvent free production of solid oral dosage forms, based on solid dispersions

Mathematical modeling for prilling processes in ammonium nitrate production

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