Fatty Acids and Squalene Carried by Alpha Fetoprotein, and Fetal and Adult Serum Albumin from Chicken. Comparison with These from Mammals

Abstract

Alpha fetoprotein (C-AFP), serum albumin (C-fSA) from chicken embryos, and SA from hens were purified using gentle chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, and their fatty acids (FAs) and squalene contents were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In 7-day-old chick embryo, AFP carries 16% and fSA 6% free FAs, the rest being carried as phospholipids, which differs from rat and pig AFP, where all fatty acids are carried like free fatty acids. At this stage C-AFP contains 3.6% arachidonic acid, which falls to 1.7% in 14-day-old embryos. Both of these figures are significantly lower than in humans, rats, calves, and pigs. C-AFP does not transport docosahexaenoic acid, in notable contrast to the mammals mentioned above. The finding of squalene in the two fetal proteins is reported for the first time. During the interval between 7 and 14 days, the proportion of C16:1 n-7 and of C18:2 n-6 increases 10-fold, that of C18:0 quadruples, and that of C18:1 n-9 decreases 3-fold. Squalene increases in this period from 2.2% to 10.0%. The C-fSA of a 7-day-old embryo transports only one FA with more than two unsaturated carbons, arachidonic acid (2.4%). It also contains squalene (1.2%). Similarly, only arachidonic acid (2.5%), but not squalene is found in hen SA. The percentage of saturated and monounsaturated FAs divided by the percentage of polyunsaturated FAs, and the ratios of the percentage of FAs with C14-C18 with respect to those with C20-C22 transported by C-AFP are very different from those of studied mammals.

α-Fetoprotein in Human Fetal Vitreous Body

“…These acids are not synthesized in human fetuses during the prenatal development, and one of the main functions of AFP during embryonic and fetal periods is PUFA transport from maternal blood through the placenta to fetal organs and tissues [3,5]. These acids are not synthesized in human fetuses during the prenatal development, and one of the main functions of AFP during embryonic and fetal periods is PUFA transport from maternal blood through the placenta to fetal organs and tissues [3,5].…”