Fatty acid transport across the cell membrane: Regulation by fatty acid transporters

Schwenk, Robert W.; Holloway, Graham P.; Luiken, Joost J. F. P.; Bonen, Arend; Glatz, Jan F. C.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.029

Cited by 237 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This same "fl ip-fl op" mechanism was earlier proposed to account for most unesterifi ed fatty acid uptake by cells across the plasma membrane from the circulation ( 114 ). However, it is now widely accepted that several plasma membrane proteins are responsible for most unesterifi ed fatty acid uptake by tissues ( 115 ). The possibility that RA also may be taken up into cells by one or more cell surface receptors has not been systematically explored and remains to be established.…”

Section: Cellular Uptake Of Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology

O’Byrne

Blaner

2013

Journal of Lipid Research

282

231

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The different retinoid forms present within the body (see Fig. 1 ) are generated by and large through modifi cations to the terminal polar end group of the molecule. Retinol and retinyl esters are the most abundant retinoid forms present in the body. All-trans -retinol is by defi nition vitamin A. When a fatty acyl group is esterifi ed to the hydroxyl terminus of retinol, a storage form of retinol, the retinyl ester, is formed. The most abundant retinyl esters present in the body are those of palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid ( 6, 7 ). Although retinyl acetate can be found in supplements to foods and vitamin formulations, only long-chain acyl groups are esterifi ed to retinol by animals. Retinyl esters have no known biological activity aside from retinol storage and for serving as the substrate for the formation of the visual chromophore 11-cis -retinal, which must be formed from all-trans -retinyl ester through linked hydrolysis and isomerization reactions catalyzed by the enzyme RPE65 ( 3,4,8,9 ). Retinol is a transport form and a precursor form, which is enzymatically activated to retinoic acid via a two-step oxidation process. The primary role of retinal is in the eye where 11-cis -retinal is needed for visual pigment formation. In tissues, retinal serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of retinoic acid from retinol ( 6, 7 ). The literature also suggests a direct role for retinal in adipose tissue, where it was shown to inhibit adipogenesis and suppress peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␥ (PPAR ␥ ) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) responses in cell culture models and in mouse models fed high-fat diets ( 10 ).Abstract By defi nition, a vitamin is a substance that must be obtained regularly from the diet. Vitamin A must be acquired from the diet, but unlike most vitamins, it can also be stored within the body in relatively high levels. For humans living in developed nations or animals living in present-day vivariums, stored vitamin A concentrations can become relatively high, reaching levels that can protect against the adverse effects of insuffi cient vitamin A dietary intake for six months, or even much longer. The ability to accumulate vitamin A stores lessens the need for routinely consuming vitamin A in the diet, and this provides a selective advantage to the organism. The molecular processes that underlie this selective advantage include effi cient mechanisms to acquire vitamin A from the diet, effi cient and overlapping mechanisms for the transport of vitamin A in the circulation, a specifi c mechanism allowing for vitamin A storage, and a mechanism for mobilizing vitamin A from these stores in response to tissue needs. These processes are considered in this review. Since the identifi cation of fat-soluble A a century ago ( 1 ), retinoids (vitamin A and its natural and synthetic analogs) have been the most extensively studied of the fatsoluble vitamins. This research has identifi ed essential roles for retinoids in many different aspects of mammalian physiology, includ...

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Section: Cellular Uptake Of Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology

O’Byrne

Blaner

2013

Journal of Lipid Research

282

231

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“…Therefore, the binding affinity of FA to albumin may be an important factor regulating their uptake. Transport through the cell membrane is also thought to be a rate-limiting process in FA uptake (Schwenk et al, 2010). The rate of desorption of FA from PL bilayers decreased with increasing chain length and increased with addition of each double bond (Zhang et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids in liver and adipose tissues of finishing Normande cull cows

Gruffat

Gobert

Durand

et al. 2011

Animal

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Feeding strategies based on the addition of plant lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in diets of bovines during the finishing period are common to enhance the nutritional value of meat. However, following rumen biohydrogenations, these FAs could still be metabolised in various tissues/organs involved in the FA metabolism such as the liver and adipose tissues (ATs), thus affecting their subsequent deposition in muscles. In this context, the objective of this study was to characterise the various metabolic pathways of linoleic acid (LA) and a-linolenic acid (ALA) in the liver and ATs (subcutaneous (SC) and inter-muscular (IM)) of Normande cull cows fed a diet supplemented (LR) or not (C) with extruded linseeds and rapeseeds, using the ex vivo incubated tissue slice method. Hepatic uptake of both FAs was higher with the LR than with the C diet ( P 5 0.02). For the two diets, ALA uptake was higher than that of LA (146%, P 5 0.04). ALA was much more degraded by b-oxidation (.50% of ALA present in cells) than LA (, 27%) with both diets ( P 5 0.015). Whatever the diet, ALA was not converted into longer and/or more unsaturated FA, whereas about 14% of LA was converted into 20:4n-6. The intensity of the esterification pathway was higher (170%, P 5 0.004) with the LR than with the C diet, for both FAs. Hepatic secretion of ALA as part of the very-low-density lipoprotein particles was lower than that of LA (258% and 223% for C and LR diets respectively, P 5 0.02). In SC and IM ATs, dietary lipid supplementation did not alter metabolic pathways of LA and ALA. They were efficiently taken up by ATs (.68% of FA present in the medium), with uptake being higher for IM than for SC AT (112%, P 5 0.01). Moreover, LA uptake by ATs was higher than ALA uptake (110.7%, P 5 0.027). Both FAs were mainly esterified (.97% of FA present in adipocytes) into neutral lipids (.85% of esterified FA). Around 9.5% of LA was converted into 20:4n-6, whereas only around 1.3% of ALA was converted into 20:5n-3. We concluded that, in our experimental conditions, liver was highly active in ALA catabolism limiting its subsequent deposition in muscles. However, bovine liver and ATs were inefficient at converting ALA into long-chain n-3 PUFA, but actively converted LA into 20:4n-6.

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“…The dietary triacylglycerols are the major source of lipids in the intestinal lumen. Their hydrolysis releases large quantities of medium-to long-chain FAs absorbed by the enterocytes via complex mechanisms, involving both passive diffusion and protein-mediated transport (34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Once inside the cell, dietary FAs are reversibly bound to lipid binding proteins involved in the transport of FAs from the plasma membrane to cellular compartments (e.g., FABPs and acyl-CoA binding proteins).…”

Section: Extraction Of Total Rna Reverse Transcription and Pcr Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid binding proteins have the potential to channel dietary fatty acids into enterocyte nuclei

Esteves

Knoll‐Gellida

Canclini

et al. 2016

Journal of Lipid Research

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Fatty acid transport across the cell membrane: Regulation by fatty acid transporters

Cited by 237 publications

References 61 publications

Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology

Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology

Distinct metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids in liver and adipose tissues of finishing Normande cull cows

Fatty acid binding proteins have the potential to channel dietary fatty acids into enterocyte nuclei

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