Fatty-acid synthesis in the echinoderms:<i>Asterias rubens, Echinus esculentus</i>and<i>Holothuria forskali</i>

Allen, William V.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400034640

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this study the n-13 moiety predominated, where separation was achieved, and the n-9 and n-7 moieties varied in second position (Table 2). Bacterially derived NMIDs (Ackman & Hooper 1973), and branched-chain and odd-number fatty acids were also present at levels comparable with shallow water echinoderms (2.3 to 9.6% of the total fatty acids for NMID's and 0.3 to 1.1% for branchedchain and odd-numbered fatty acids (Rodegker & Nevenzel 1964, Allen 1968, Ferguson 1976, Paradis & Ackman 1977, Takagi et al 1980, Kiyashko et al 1998 (Table 2).…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Feeding ecology of deep-sea seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): a fatty-acid biomarker approach

Howell¹,

Pond²,

Billett³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

143

117

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Fatty-acid biomarkers and stomach content analysis were used to investigate the diets of 9 species of deep-sea seastar. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant categories of fatty acid contained in the total lipids of all species. They were dominated by 20:5 (n-3) and 20:4 (n-6), with 22:6 (n-3) present in much lower proportions. Monounsaturated fatty acids were also abundant, particularly 20:1 (n-13) and (n-9). Odd-numbered, branched-chain fatty acids and non-methylene interrupted dienes (NMIDs) were present in relatively high levels in all species. Cluster and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses of the fatty acid composition separated the seastar species into 3 trophic groups; suspension feeders, predators/scavengers, and mud ingesters. Suspension feeders showed greatest reliance on photosynthetic carbon as indicated by the abundance of fatty-acid biomarkers characteristic of photosynthetic microplankton. By contrast, mud ingesters were found to rely heavily on heterotrophic bacterial carbon, containing high percentages of 18:1 (n-7) and NMIDs. Predator/scavengers occupied a trophic position between the suspension feeders and mud ingesters. Zoroaster longicauda, an asteroid of unknown diet, had a similar fatty acid composition to the 3 suspension feeders, Freyella elegans, Brisingella coronata and Brisinga endecacnemos. While the suspension feeders are specialists on benthopelagic copepods, the preferred prey of Z. longicauda is unknown, but is likely to be very similar to that of the suspension feeders. Stomach content analysis revealed the diet of Z. longicauda also includes benthic echinoderms and crustaceans.

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Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Echinoderms contain moderate amounts of 18:1, but high proportions of 20:4 (n-6) and 20:5 (n-3), with lower percentages of 22:6 (n-3) (Lewis 1967, Allen 1968, Bell & Sargent 1985 ( Table 2). The ability to accumulate high proportions of 20:4 (n-6) may be characteristic of echinoderms (Takagi et al 1980).…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding ecology of deep-sea seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): a fatty-acid biomarker approach

Howell¹,

Pond²,

Billett³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

143

117

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“…The residue was acidified with concentrated HC1 to pH 1, after which the fatty acids were extracted with redistilled hexane (p.a.). Part of the fatty acids was methylated with diazomethane (Schlenk & GeUerm~, 1960) and the methylestera were separated from pigments on a silicic acid column (Mallinckrodt, 100 mesh) (Allen, 1968). Samples of the total methylated fatty acids were also hydrogenated according to Farquhar et al (1959).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of the millipede graphidostreptus tumuliporus (karsch) (myriapoda: diplopoda)

Oudejans

Horst

Zandee

1971

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Bio

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Abstract--1. The fatty acid composition of female specimens of the millipede Crraphidostreptus tumuh'po~ is investigated.2. This composition differs remarkably from the composition of the male specimens of Graphidostreptus, as given in an earlier paper.3. Over 60 per cent of the total fatty acid composition in the study is satura ted, nearly half of it of an unusual branched type.4. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is rather low, the most abundant unsaturated component is 18:1 (18.10 per cent).

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“…In winter, the most abundant fatty acids were C20:1 (24.5%) followed by C22:6 (14.3%), C18:1 (11.1%) and C16:0 (9.8%). In general, echinoderms contain moderate amounts of C18:1, but high proportions of C20:1 [32,33]. The major monoenoic fatty acids of echinoderms are isomers of C20:1 and echinoderms may have the metabolic capability to synthesize de novo various moieties of C20:1 including C20:1 (n-9) [34,35].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Composition Of Non-polar Lipidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations of Lipid Content and Composition in Starfish Asterias amurensis Lütken

2012

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The total lipid content, lipid classes and fatty acid composition in the internal organs of star sh (Asterias amurensis) were analyzed to determine the effects of seasons (winter and spring). The non-polar and polar lipid fractions obtained from star sh internal organs were analyzed through two seasons using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas liquid chromatography. Total lipid content of internal organs was 10.18% in spring and 8.21% in winter as wet weight basis. The predominant lipid class in spring was triglyceride whereas free fatty acids were the main lipid class in winter. The most abundant fatty acid of non-polar lipid fraction was eicosamonoenoic acid (C20:1) in spring having the highest proportion (29.2% of total fatty acid) as compared to the winter. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was also found signi cantly (P < 0.05) higher in spring compared to winter in the non-polar lipid fraction. On the other hand, comparatively lower amount of EPA was observed in spring than winter in the polar lipid fraction. Proportions of other fatty acids in non-polar and polar lipid fractions were also varied seasonally. This result might be useful for commercial production of lipid from internal organ of star sh with a view to potential use in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other non-food industries.

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Fatty-acid synthesis in the echinoderms:Asterias rubens, Echinus esculentusandHolothuria forskali

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Feeding ecology of deep-sea seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): a fatty-acid biomarker approach

Feeding ecology of deep-sea seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): a fatty-acid biomarker approach

Fatty acid composition of the millipede graphidostreptus tumuliporus (karsch) (myriapoda: diplopoda)

Seasonal Variations of Lipid Content and Composition in Starfish Asterias amurensis Lütken

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