Fatty Acid Status Determination by Cheek Cell Sampling Combined with Methanol‐Based Ultrasound Extraction of Glycerophospholipids

Klingler, Mario; Demmelmair, Hans; Koletzko, Berthold; Glaser, Claudia

doi:10.1007/s11745-011-3576-7

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The precision of the fatty acid analysis in cheek cells was comparable, with CV ranging from 0.7% to 14.1% [12]. The precision data determined in this study for RBC were similar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Efficient and Specific Analysis of Red Blood Cell Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

Klem¹,

Klingler²,

Demmelmair³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) n-3 fatty acid status is related to various health outcomes. Accepted biological markers for the fatty acid status determination are RBC phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidyletholamine. The analysis of these lipid fractions is demanding and time consuming and total phospholipid n-3 fatty acid levels might be affected by changes of sphingomyelin contents in the RBC membrane during n-3 supplementation.AimWe developed a method for the specific analysis of RBC glycerophospholipids. The application of the new method in a DHA supplementation trial and the comparison to established markers will determine the relevance of RBC GPL as a valid fatty acid status marker in humans.MethodsMethyl esters of glycerophospholipid fatty acids are selectively generated by a two step procedure involving methanolic protein precipitation and base-catalysed methyl ester synthesis. RBC GPL solubilisation is facilitated by ultrasound treatment. Fatty acid status in RBC glycerophospholipids and other established markers were evaluated in thirteen subjects participating in a 30 days supplementation trial (510 mg DHA/d).OutcomeThe intra-assay CV for GPL fatty acids ranged from 1.0 to 10.5% and the inter-assay CV from 1.3 to 10.9%. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation significantly increased the docosahexaenoic acid contents in all analysed lipid fractions. High correlations were observed for most of the mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and for the omega-3 index (r = 0.924) between RBC phospholipids and glycerophospholipids. The analysis of RBC glycerophospholipid fatty acids yields faster, easier and less costly results equivalent to the conventional analysis of RBC total phospholipids.

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“…The precision of the fatty acid analysis in cheek cells was comparable, with CV ranging from 0.7% to 14.1% [12]. The precision data determined in this study for RBC were similar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Efficient and Specific Analysis of Red Blood Cell Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

Klem¹,

Klingler²,

Demmelmair³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…However, a recent method published for the analysis of cheek cell glycerophospholipid fatty acid may overcome these limitations [31]. We did not look at the different fractions, cholesterol ester, phospholipids, and triglyceride in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Cheek Epithelium: Comparison with Serum and Adipose Tissue

Abraham

Bahl

Parshad

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Studies pertaining to trans fatty acids (TFA), which have been implicated in development of chronic diseases, are more relevant in developing countries where nutrition transition is changing traditional habits and practices. Measuring TFA is an arduous task because of the need for fat biopsies. This study identifies a tissue, which can be easily accessed for analytical measurement of trans fatty acid. In this cross-sectional study, fatty acid in adipose tissue, cheek epithelium, and blood samples were assessed by gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to study the correlation of fatty acid distribution among the three tissues. The correlation coefficient of total trans fatty acid between cheek epithelium and serum was 0.30 (P < 0.02) and between cheek epithelium and adipose tissue was 0.33 (P < 0.019). This study is the first to report trans fatty acid profile in cheek epithelium giving scope for utilizing the cheek epithelium as a tissue for objective assessment of trans fatty acid intake.

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“…Cheek cells were collected by rotary scraping with one brush at the inside of each cheek, followed by a mouth-rinse to collect remaining cells. This sampling procedure had been evaluated as the most effective adult sampling procedure by Klingler et al [25] as well as by preliminary tests of our group. However, it has to be noted that the cell yield varied substantially between subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheek cell fatty acids reflect n-3 PUFA in blood fractions during linseed oil supplementation: a controlled human intervention study

2013

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BackgroundAdequate biomarkers for the dietary supply of fatty acids (FA) are FA of adipose tissue and blood fractions. In human studies, invasive sample collection is unpleasant for subjects. In contrast, cheek cell sampling can be considered as a non-invasive alternative to investigate FA status.The aim of this study was to analyze whether cheek cell FA composition reflect the supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) using a linseed oil mixture compared to olive oil supplementation. Additionally, it was investigated if cheek cell FA composition correlates with the FA composition of plasma, red blood cells (RBC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and during both interventions.MethodsDuring a 10-week randomized, controlled, double-blind human intervention study, 38 subjects provided cheek cell and blood samples. After a two-week run-in period, the test group (n = 23) received 17 g/d of an ALA-rich linseed oil mixture, while the control group (n = 15) received 17 g/d of an omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)-free olive oil. Cheek cells and blood were collected on days 0, 7 and 56 of the 8-week intervention period.ResultsCompared to olive oil, the linseed oil intervention increased ALA and also the endogenously converted long-chain n-3 metabolites eicosatetraenoic-, eicosapentaenoic- and docosapentaenoic acid in cheek cells (P ≤ 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid remained unchanged. Reflecting the treatment, the n-6/n-3 ratio decreased in the test group. In general, cheek cell FA reflected the changes of FA in blood fractions. Independent of treatment, significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA between cheek cells and plasma, RBC and PBMC were found, except for linoleic acid and ALA.ConclusionsThe changes in FA composition of cheek cells confirmed that ALA from linseed oil increased endogenously derived n-3 PUFA in cheek cell lipids. These changes in cheek cells and their correlation to the respective FA in blood fractions indicate the cheek cell FA profile as an adequate non-invasive biomarker for short-term n-3 PUFA intake and metabolism. Therefore, cheek cell FA can be used in human intervention studies or large-scale epidemiological studies, especially for assessment of the n-3 PUFA status.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, IDNCT01317290

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Fatty Acid Status Determination by Cheek Cell Sampling Combined with Methanol‐Based Ultrasound Extraction of Glycerophospholipids

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Efficient and Specific Analysis of Red Blood Cell Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

Efficient and Specific Analysis of Red Blood Cell Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

Content of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Cheek Epithelium: Comparison with Serum and Adipose Tissue

Cheek cell fatty acids reflect n-3 PUFA in blood fractions during linseed oil supplementation: a controlled human intervention study

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