Fatty acid profiles and sn -2 fatty acid distribution of γ-linolenic acid-rich Borago species

Guil‐Guerrero, José Luis; Mercado, Francisco Gómez; Ramos‐Bueno, Rebeca P.; González‐Fernández, María José; Urrestarazu, Miguel; Jiménez-Becker, Silvia; Bélair, Gérard de

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.005

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In spite of GLA and SDA richness in the two initial sources assayed (extracted oil from Chilean seeds and commercial oil), CF for both C18‐PUFA did not show large or remarkable differences when urea complexation was used as concentration method, which means that the higher the initial percentage of GLA or SDA, the higher the percentage reached in the concentrate. This fact points out toward the suitability of this methodology to be assayed in other commercial oils rich in GLA or SDA to achieve extracts highly concentrated in these PUFA, such as those from Borago officinalis seed oil (≈20% GLA of total FA) or Buglossoides arvensis seed oil (≈17–21% SDA of total FA) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Gamma‐Linolenic and Stearidonic Acids as Free Fatty Acids and Ethyl Esters from Viper's Bugloss Seed Oil by Urea Complexation

Rincón‐Cervera

Galleguillos‐Fernández

González‐Barriga

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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In this work, gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) are successfully concentrated as free fatty acids (FFA) and ethyl esters (EE) using the urea complexation method at room temperature and two sources of these fatty acids: commercial Echium plantagineum seed oil as well as extracted oil from this species which is grown in Chile. Concentration factors (% fatty acid in the concentrate/% fatty acid in the original oil) for both fatty acids are found to be between 2.35 and 2.65, although they are more efficiently concentrated as FFA than as EE using both commercial and extracted oils. This is the first work which reports the use of Echium plantagineum seed oil from Chilean origin to produce GLA and SDA concentrates as FFA and EE, with similar results that those obtained with commercial Echium oil. Practical Applications: The interest for GLA and SDA as functional ingredients is increasing in the last few years because of their beneficial effects for human health and their plant origin, as they are mainly provided by seed oils from some Boraginaceae species. In this work, GLA and SDA are selectively concentrated from the rest of fatty acids contained in Echium seed oil by the urea method at room temperature, which is a cheap, safe, and easily scalable process. These concentrates, especially as FFA because of their nutritional characteristics versus EE, may become high added‐value ingredients to be incorporated to functional oils or even substrates for the enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids providing GLA and SDA with a higher bioefficiency than currently available oils. Operational scheme developed in this work which consists of: 1) derivatization of Echium plantagineum oil from two origins (extracted from Chilean seeds and commercial oil) to free fatty acids (FFA) and ethyl esters (EE) and 2) processing of FFA and EE by urea at room temperature to concentrate GLA and SDA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Gamma‐Linolenic and Stearidonic Acids as Free Fatty Acids and Ethyl Esters from Viper's Bugloss Seed Oil by Urea Complexation

Rincón‐Cervera

Galleguillos‐Fernández

González‐Barriga

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The stearidonic acid is mainly obtained from the seed oils of blackcurrant, borage, echium, and hemp [48]. SDA has also been detected in leaves, stems and roots of some plant species [40,44,45,48,49]. However, SDA is found at low levels in the vegetarian diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, oyster plant can be considered as potential source of leafy vegetable for cultivation. The SDA content in leaf tissues (6.04%) of the oyster plant was higher compared to that found in the leaves of Cynoglossum creticum (2.76%), Scrophularia sciophila (1.36%); stems of Cynoglossum creticum (4.12%), Scrophularia sciophila (0.59%); roots of Primula denticulata (3.3%), Primula malacoides (1.5%), Primula scotica (4.0%), Primula vialii (4.0%), and Scrophularia sciophila (0.29%); flowers of Cynoglossum creticum (5.46%), and seed oil of Borago longifolia (0.3%), Borago morisiana (1.9%), Borago pygmaea (1.2%), Borago trabutii (0.3%), Cynoglossum creticum (2.1%), Nonea vesicaria (0.3%), Nonea pulla (3%), and Pulmonaria officinalis (2.5%) [40,44,45,48,49]. Unusual fatty acids, such as GLA and SDA, are not reported in most leafy vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micropropagation and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray

Park

Kim

Saini

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The goal of this study was to establish an efficient protocol for the large-scale propagation of Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray, and evaluate the carotenoid, fatty acid, and tocopherol contents in the leaves of in vitro regenerated shoots. Surface-disinfected node and shoot tip explants were placed on semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0–16 µM N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, (KN), and thidiazuron (TDZ) alone, or in combination with, 1 or 2 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Of the three different cytokinins employed, TDZ elicited the best results for axillary shoot proliferation. A maximum frequency of shoot initiation above 84%, with a mean of 8.9 and 4.8 shoots per node and shoot tip, respectively, was achieved on the culture medium supplemented with 4 µM TDZ. A combination of TDZ + NAA significantly increased the percentage of multiple shoot formation and number of shoots per explant. The best shoot induction response occurred on MS medium with 4 µM TDZ and 1 µM NAA. On this medium, the node (93.8%) and shoot tip (95.9%) explants produced an average of 17.7 and 8.6 shoots, respectively. The highest root induction frequency (97.4%) and number of roots per shoot (25.4), as well as the greatest root length (4.2 cm), were obtained on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The presence of six carotenoids and α-tocopherol in the leaf tissues of M. maritima was confirmed by HPLC. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of 10 fatty acids, including γ-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid in the leaf tissues of M. maritima. All-E-lutein (18.49 μg g−1 fresh weight, FW), α-tocopherol (3.82 μg g−1 FW) and α-linolenic acid (30.37%) were found to be the significant compounds in M. maritima. For the first time, a successful protocol has been established for the mass propagation of M. maritima with promising prospects for harnessing its bioactive reserves.

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“…DGLA is located in the cell membrane, where it can act as a precursor of anti-inflammatory metabolites and can compete with AA for the synthesis of metabolites involving in the inflammatory response [ 55 ]. In this context, it is important to consider that hempseed oil is not the only one source of GLA, neither the plant source with the highest amount of GLA, in fact, one of the most representative sources of this FA is the borage oil (19–23% of GLA) which however lacks n-3 PUFAs differently from hempseed oil [ 56 ]. As regard the SFAs, studies reported that the total amount of them is not over than 12% ( Table 3 ), with a consequent recommended high (>10) PUFA/SFA ratio, considered beneficial to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [ 32 ].…”

Section: C Sativa L Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition

et al. 2020

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Hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, were initially considered a by-product of the hemp technical fibre industry. Nowadays, following the restorationing of the cultivation of C. sativa L. plants containing an amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) <0.3% or 0.2% (industrial hemp) there is a growing interest for the hempseeds production due to their high nutritional value and functional features. The goal of this review is to examine the scientific literature concerning the nutritional and functional properties of hempseeds. Furthermore, we revised the scientific literature regarding the potential use of hempseeds and their derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic-degenerative diseases on animal models and humans too. In the first part of the work, we provide information regarding the genetic, biochemical, and legislative aspects of this plant that are, in our opinion essential to understand the difference between “industrial” and “drug-type” hemp. In the final part of the review, the employment of hempseeds by the food industry as livestock feed supplement and as ingredient to enrich or fortify daily foods has also revised. Overall, this review intends to encourage further and comprehensive investigations about the adoption of hempseeds in the functional foods field.

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Fatty acid profiles and sn -2 fatty acid distribution of γ-linolenic acid-rich Borago species

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Concentration of Gamma‐Linolenic and Stearidonic Acids as Free Fatty Acids and Ethyl Esters from Viper's Bugloss Seed Oil by Urea Complexation

Concentration of Gamma‐Linolenic and Stearidonic Acids as Free Fatty Acids and Ethyl Esters from Viper's Bugloss Seed Oil by Urea Complexation

Micropropagation and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray

The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition

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