Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in 7–10-Year-Old Children Attending Primary School in Verona South District: Association between Palmitoleic Acid, SCD-16, Indices of Adiposity, and Blood Pressure

Bonafini, Sara; Giontella, Alice; Tagetti, Angela; Bresadola, Irene; Gaudino, Rossella; Cavarzere, Paolo; Ramaroli, Diego Alberto; Branz, Lorella; Marcon, Denise; Pietrobelli, Angelo; Minuz, Pietro; Antoniazzi, Franco; Maffeis, Claudio; Fava, Cristiano

doi:10.3390/ijms21113899

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The same holds true upon subdivision of our group of subjects into children <9 and >9 years old, in order to facilitate a direct comparison with literature data relative to children of different age ranges. The levels of ω3 PUFA ALA and EPA were substantially in line with those present in the literature, whereas DHA levels were also lower [37][38][39][40][41]. It is important to note that the FA values observed in normal children by our group and reported in [37] referred to normal weight or overweight children, in line with the characteristics of the subjects observed in this study, whereas Bonafini et al reported the data of normal weight children only [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The omega 3 index (OI3), calculated as described by Stark [36], ranged from 1.60% to 4.15% with a mean of 2.35%, with only one case where the O3I was higher than 4%, while all others cases were below the value of 3%. We compared the relative quantities of some representative FA assessed in this study with the relative quantities reported by other studies (Table 4) in which the FA profile was obtained analyzing the whole blood of children and/or adolescents [37][38][39][40][41]. For studies examining differences in FA profile between control and pathological subjects, the values of the control group were considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children

et al. 2021

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MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children) linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a pathological state observed in subjects younger than 21 years old with evidence of either current SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure within the 4 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms, the presence of documented fever, elevated markers of inflammation, at least two signs of multisystem involvement, and, finally, lack of an alternative diagnosis. They share with adult COVID-19 patients the presence of altered markers of inflammation, but unlike most adults the symptoms are not pulmonary but are affecting several organs. Lipid mediators arising from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play an important role in the inflammatory response, with arachidonic acid-derived compounds, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, mainly pro-inflammatory and ω3 PUFA metabolites such as resolvins and protectins, showing anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution activities. In order to assess potential alterations of these FA, we evaluated the blood fatty acid profile of MIS-C children at admission to the hospital, together with biochemical, metabolic and clinical assessment. All the patients enrolled showed altered inflammatory parameters with fibrinogen, D-dimer, NT-proBNP, ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), C-reactive protein (CRP) and TrygIndex levels over the reference values in all the subjects under observation, while albumin and HDL-cholesterol resulted below the normal range. Interestingly, linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA) and the ω3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) results were lower in our study when compared to relative amounts reported in the other studies, including from our own laboratory. This significant alteration is pointing out to a potential depletion of these PUFA as a result of the systemic inflammatory condition typical of these patients, suggesting that LA- and AA-derived metabolites may play a critical role in this pathological state, while ω3 PUFA-derived pro-resolution metabolites in these subjects may not be able to provide a timely, physiological counterbalance to the formation of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. In conclusion, this observational study provides evidence of FA alterations in MIS-C children, suggesting a significant contribution of ω6 FA to the observed inflammatory state, and supporting a potential dietary intervention to restore an appropriate balance among the FAs capable of promoting the resolution of the observed inflammatory condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, ratio of n-3: n-6 fatty acids might affect the PUFAs metabolism. As reported, the activity of SCD, D5D, D6D was associated with metabolic-related diseases [54]. In this study, similarly, SCD-18 and D5D had positive relationships with cognitive function scores, instead, SCD-16 and D6D showed opposite results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The Association Between Plasma Fatty Acid and Cognitive Function Mediated by Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Shen¹,

Li²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background High fat diet may lead to systematic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, which eventually result in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. However, there is a paucity of study examined whether inflammation mediated the association between diet fatty acids and cognitive function in type 2 patients with diabetes. Methods We evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients with diabetes, using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Plasma fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography analysis. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression based on R program and mediation model was established by Mplus. Results In our study, we found the increasing of BMI may lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. We also found higher SFAs levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher MUFAs intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most PUFAs levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores, but n-6 PUFAs gave opposite results. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs, SCD-16 and SCD-18 were positively related to hs-CRP. Interestingly, we found PUFAs were negatively related to IL-10. Meanwhile, this result also indicated that C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skills scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels. Conclusions Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested that plasma fatty acids can be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in 2 type diabetes.

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“…In addition, ratio of n-3: n-6 fatty acids might affect the PUFAs metabolism. As reported, the activity of SCD, D5D, D6D was associated with metabolic-related diseases (Bona ni et al, 2020). In this study, similarly, SCD-18 and D5D had positive relationships with cognitive function scores, instead, SCD-16 and D6D showed opposite results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The association between plasma fatty acid and cognitive function mediated by inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Shen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this study, we evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients (214 males and 158 females; the average age was 57.09 ± 9.00 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), with Plasma fatty acids measured by gas chromatography analysis and inflammatory cytokines determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether there was a correlation between the plasma fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive test scores in Chinese patients with T2DM. We found the increasing of body mass index (BMI) might lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. Higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-18 (SCD-18) were positively related to hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<0.05; P<0.05; P<0.05). Meanwhile, our result also indicated that the increasing of C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skill scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels. Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested plasma fatty acids could be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in T2DM.

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Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in 7–10-Year-Old Children Attending Primary School in Verona South District: Association between Palmitoleic Acid, SCD-16, Indices of Adiposity, and Blood Pressure

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children

Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children

The Association Between Plasma Fatty Acid and Cognitive Function Mediated by Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The association between plasma fatty acid and cognitive function mediated by inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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