Fatty acid positional distribution in colostrum and mature milk of women living in Inner Mongolia, North Jiangsu and Guangxi of China

Abstract

In order to investigate the fatty acid composition and distribution in colostrum and mature milk, breast milk samples and 24 h food records were obtained from 65 lactating women across three regions in China (Inner Mongolia, North Jiangsu and Guangxi). Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by standard methods and separated and identified by gas chromatography. Compared with the Chinese breast milk fatty acid data 10 years ago, SFA and trans fatty acids (TFA) in breast milk decreased, while PUFA increased in the present study. Most SFA (C16:0, C15:0, C14:0), cis-C16:1 and several LC-PUFA (C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) were predominantly acylated at the sn-2 position. The cis-C17:1 and C22:6n-3 were distributed equally in three positions of triacylglycerol (TAG). Whereas, TFA, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), cis-C18:1, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3 were acylated at the sn-1, 3 positions of TAG in human milk. The composition of fatty acids in breast milk was closely related to the diet of lactating mothers. PUFA in breast milk was negatively correlated with the intake of protein, fat and meat, but positively correlated with the intake of carbohydrates. MUFA of human milk was negatively correlated with the intake of dairy products, eggs, fish and shrimp. SFA in breast milk was positively correlated with the maternal intake of meat. In addition, the present results showed that the composition of total fatty acids and sn-2 fatty acids in breast milk varied with the lactation period and the geographical regions in China; however, the regiospecific fatty acid profile seemed not to be affected by the lactation time and regions, although the quantities at each position could be changed.

Temporal Changes of Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in Breast Milk and Relationship with Diet

“…Li et al . showed pregnant women's diet and habits have a great impact on fatty acids from five regions in China, and Deng et al . showed that the difference in diet and geographical location of lactating mothers changed the contents of total fatty acids and sn‐2 fatty acids in HM from China.…”

Macronutrient content and fatty acid composition and their positional distribution in human breast milk from Zhejiang Province, China in different lactation periods

“…(11.12%-13.28%;Deng et al, 2018). In contrast to foreign studies, the relative percentage of PA at the sn-2 position was higher in Spain (80.30%-87.86%) and lower in Italy (59.11%-62.00%), but the levelsF I G U R E 1…”

Comparison of 11 rice bran stabilization methods by analyzing lipase activities

“…The temperature of the flame ionization detector (FID) was 250°C; the column pressure was 24.52 psi. The initial column temperature was 45°C and held for 5 min, then increased to 175°C at a rate of 13°C/min and held for 27 min, and finally programmed at 4°C/min to 215°C and held for 35 min (Deng et al, ). The fatty acids were identified by comparing their retention times with a standard FAME mixture (#463).…”