Fatty Acid Patterns in the Classification of some Representatives of the Families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae

Bøe, Bjarne; Gjerde, Jan Magne

doi:10.1099/00221287-116-1-41

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The 5 major fatty acids and their re- pairs of bacteria. 1 Clustering of strains was achieved by the unweighted pair group method for arithmetic averages 8 with a program provided in the HP Library Generation Software; b this analysis resulted in a dendrogram.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Characterization of a Pleomorphic Gram-Negative Rod Associated with Avian Respiratory Disease

et al. 1993

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Abstract. An unidentified, pleomorphic, gram-negative rod (PGNR) bacterium has been isolated from domestic fowl with respiratory disease. The PGNR was isolated in 5% of turkey accessions and 3% of chicken accessions, primarily from the respiratory tract. Preliminary characterization of this organism included reviewing accession records, conducting cultural and biochemical tests, and analyzing cellular fatty acids. The PGNR was also compared with other bacteria capable of inhabiting the avian respiratory system. Biochemical and cellular fatty acid analysis failed to identify the organism, however all 14 isolates were similar.Respiratory disease has been and continues to be a significant problem for the poultry industry. The large number of primary and secondary agents involved in respiratory disease, including viral, bacterial, mycotic, and parasitic agents, contributes to its complexity. The avian diagnostician is responsible for compiling information from a variety of sources and disciplines and for correlating the respiratory disease with an etiology. The significance of many secondary agents is often uncertain. A pleomorphic gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium is isolated with some frequency from fowl with respiratory disease at California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System (CVDLS) laboratories. This report is a preliminary characterization of this unidentified bacterium. Materials and methodsCase material. Accessions were submitted to the Fresno and Turlock Branch Laboratories of the CVDLS from July 1, 1990 to July 1, 1991. Accessions consisted of one or more birds submitted for a standard necropsy, including a bacteriologic workup.Necropsy procedures. A complete necropsy was performed on bird(s) from each accession. Tissues were plated onto 5% sheep blood agar (BA) and MacConkey agar plates and incubated at 37 C in 7.0% CO 2 . When indicated, cultures for mycoplasma were performed. Significance of bacterial isolates was determined based on quality of tissues, quantity and quality of bacterial growth, and consideration of the Received for publication February 27, 1992. clinical history. Significant isolates from each case were harvested after 18 hr of growth, mixed with 20% skim milk, and stored at -70 C. Bacterial strains. Pleomorphic gram-negative rods (PGNRs) were initially identified from necropsy cases based on growth on BA plates, no growth on MacConkey agar plates, Gram's stain reaction and morphology, positive oxidase test, positive ß-galactosidase (ONPG) test, and negative catalase test. Detailed characterization was performed on 14 stored isolates of the PGNR, 1 field isolate of Actinobacillus salpingitidis (obtained from R. Walker, CVDLS), and 6 American Type Culture Collection strains of bacteria encountered in the avian respiratory system (Bordetella avium, Haemophilus paragallinarum, Moraxella anatipestlfer, Pasteurella gallinarum, P. avium, and P. langaa).Cultural characterization of isolates. Standard methods of cultural and biochemical examination were used: 2 Gram's stain reaction, g...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Characterization of a Pleomorphic Gram-Negative Rod Associated with Avian Respiratory Disease

et al. 1993

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“…), and carbon substrate oxidation patterns [6] marketed as the BIOLOG system by the Biolog Inc. (Hayward, Calif.), have received widespread attention. Both of these approaches have been successfully used for the identification of clinically important isolates [3,7,9,23,35,36,40]. FAME and BIOLOG have also been used with environmental bacterial isolates [2,15,17,18,32,33,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphasic characterization of a suite of bacterial isolates capable of degrading 2,4-D

1995

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To develop a better understanding of the ecological aspects of microbial biodegradation, it is important to assess the phenotypic and biochemical diversity of xenobiotic degrading organisms. Forty-six bacterial isolates capable of degrading 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and representing several geographically distinct locations were characterized and placed into taxonomic groups based on the results of several independent analyses. The isolates were characterized based on Gram's reaction, colony morphology, cell morphology, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fingerprints, carbon substrate oxidation patterns (BIOLOG), DNA homology to whole-plasmid probes and repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) fingerprints. Attempts to group organisms taxonomically based on colony morphology and cell morphology were largely unsuccessful. Both FAME and BIOLOG analyses were generally unable to provide reliable genus or species identifications of these environmental isolates by comparison of fingerprints or substrate use patterns to existing data bases. Modification of the standard protocols for these analyses, however, allowed taxonomic grouping of the isolates and the construction of new data bases, comprised solely of 2,4-D-degrading organisms, against which future novel isolates can be compared. Independent cluster analysis of the FAME and BIOLOG data shows that the isolates can be segregated into five taxonomic classes. The collection of 2,4-D-degrading isolates was also separated into five classes based on DNA homology to whole-plasmid probes obtained from individual isolates. REP analysis allowed isolates that likely represent the same (or very similar) organism(s) to be identified and grouped. Each of the analyses used represents a mechanistically different means of classifying organisms, yet the taxonomic groupings obtained by several of the methods (FAME, BIOLOG, DNA homology, and to some degree, REP analysis) were in good agreement. This indicates that the features discriminated by these different methods represent fundamental characteristics that determine phylogenetic groups of bacteria.

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“…Quantitative analysis of fatty acids belonging to these two groups results in accurate identification to the species level (58,69,82,150,151 Vibrionaceae. The Vibrionaceae may be distinguished from the Enterobacteriaceae by the presence of significant amounts of branched-chain CFAs, especially iso-C16.0 and iso-C18:0, in addition to greater amounts of C16:1 (9). Various species of Vibrio and Aeromonas can be distinguished by CFAs.…”

Section: Identification To Genus or Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of cellular fatty acid analysis

1991

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More than ever, new technology is having an impact on the tools of clinical microbiologists. The analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) has become markedly more practical with the advent of the fused-silica capillary column, computer-controlled chromatography and data analysis, simplified sample preparation, and a commercially available GLC system dedicated to microbiological applications. Experience with applications in diagnostic microbiology ranges from substantial success in work with mycobacteria, legionellae, and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to minimal involvement with fungi and other nonbacterial agents. GLC is a good alternative to other means for the identification of mycobacteria or legionellae because it is rapid, specific, and independent of other specialized testing, e.g., DNA hybridization. Nonfermenters show features in their cellular fatty acid content that are useful in identifying species and, in some cases, subspecies. Less frequently encountered nonfermenters, including those belonging to unclassified groups, can ideally be characterized by GLC. Information is just beginning to materialize on the usefulness of cellular fatty acids for the identification of gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, despite the traditional role of GLC in detecting metabolic products as an aid to identification of anaerobes. When species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci is called for, GLC may offer an alternative to biochemical testing. Methods for direct analysis of clinical material have been developed, but in practical and economic terms they are not yet ready for use in the clinical laboratory. Direct analysis holds promise for detecting markers of infection due to an uncultivable agent or in clinical specimens that presently require cultures and prolonged incubation to yield an etiologic agent.

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Fatty Acid Patterns in the Classification of some Representatives of the Families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Preliminary Characterization of a Pleomorphic Gram-Negative Rod Associated with Avian Respiratory Disease

Preliminary Characterization of a Pleomorphic Gram-Negative Rod Associated with Avian Respiratory Disease

Polyphasic characterization of a suite of bacterial isolates capable of degrading 2,4-D

Applications of cellular fatty acid analysis

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