Fatty acid methyl esters preparation in the presence of maltolate and n-butoxide Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) complexes

Brito, Yariadner C.; Mello, Vinícius M.; Macêdo, Caio C.S.; Meneghetti, Mário R.; Suarez, Paulo A. Z.; Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2008.08.024

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Large pore size to minimize diffusion problems is an ideal property of an solid (heterogeneous) catalyst [Brito et al, 2008]. Deactivation is mainly achieved due to high concentration of acid sites, high catalytic stability versus leaching and the probability to tune the hydrophobicity of the surface with the repulsion of highly polar compounds (Miao and Shanks, 2009).…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Baskar¹,

Aiswarya²,

Soumiya³

et al. 2017

JEES

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Heterogeneous catalysts plays a significant role in the production of biodiesel as they have many advantages over other catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis are noncorrosive, requires mild environmental conditions with fewer disposal problems. The easy separation of product from the liquid is mainly achieved by the reusability as the catalyst settles at faster rate. The use of this catalyst is widely used for biodiesel production due to higher activity, selectivity and longer lifetime of the catalyst. The heterogeneous catalyst reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel making it competitive with other petroleumbased diesel fuels. Recently, heterogeneous catalysts derived from nanomaterials have gained attention for biodiesel synthesis. Nanocatalyst characteristics, such as high catalytic activities and high specific surface area have helped overcome some limitations on heterogeneous catalysts for their applications in biodiesel production from biomass. This paper discusses the latest advances in research and development related with heterogeneous nanocatalysts. The use of nanocatalysts such as ferrous doped zinc oxide, copper doped zinc oxide and manganese doped zinc oxide for biodiesel production are discussed and compared.

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Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Baskar¹,

Aiswarya²,

Soumiya³

et al. 2017

JEES

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“…Transition metal oxides, such as ZnO, ZrO 2 , CuO, and TiO 2 , also exhibit a good activity in this reaction, working under relatively mild conditions (low temperature and room pressure) with short reaction times [30,31]. In most of these studies, ZnO is reported as the best alternative, obtaining almost complete conversion after 10 min [29].…”

Section: Transesterification Catalysts and Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Base-Catalyzed Reactions in Biomass Conversion: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalyst Deactivation

Faba

Dı́az

Ordóñez

2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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Although less studied than acid-catalyzed reactions, mainly because of their marginal interest in petrochemical processes, base-catalyzed reactions (either homogeneous or heterogeneous) play a key role in the upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules. As in most of the chemical processes, the replacement of homogeneous catalysts by heterogeneous catalysts is of key interest. This article reviews the state of the art in the most important base-catalyzed reactions in the biofuel manufacture (biodiesel from triglycerides) and the upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules (such as acetone, ethanol, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, or acetic acid). Transesterification reactions, aldol condensation (alone or in combination with other reactions), and ketonization are the main reactions involved in these biorefinery processes. Reviewed are the most common catalysts proposed for these reactions (mainly heterogeneous), as well as the proposed mechanisms for these reactions, and the main factors governing catalyst deactivation when used in each of these reactions.

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“…The processing of raw materials rich in fatty acids for biodiesel production can be achieved through the reaction esterification employing traditional acid catalysts. As reported in literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] , several solid catalysts have been studied for the production of biodiesel. In this scenario there are the clays, especially those of the smectite group, because it is a natural raw material, abundant in nature, easy operation and excellent physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%